Figure 2

In vitro effects of Valproate on T cell proliferation and viral replication at day 3 post-infection. (A) and (B) FACS analysis of cultured CD3+ T cells following mock (HIV (-)) and HIV (HIV(+)) infection in the (i) absence or (ii) presence of valproate treatment (75 μg/ml) showing reduced proliferation in valproate-treated cultures at day 3 post-infection. In the absence of valproate, most T cells divided one to three times while in the presence of valproate, the majority of T cells remained in a parent generation (P). (C) Exposure to valproate also reduced T cell proliferation with and without HIV infection at day 3 post-infection. (D) Exposure to valproate skewed the proliferation pattern of uninfected (HIV(-)) and HIV-infected (HIV(+)) PBLs. There were more parent generation (P) and less generation 3 (G3) lymphocytes in valproate-treated groups. Data represent mean ± SEM. (Tukey-Kramer post hoc test, **p < 0.01)