Table 2 Results of univariate analysis: differences in demographics, vascular risk factors and clinical features in acute ischaemic stroke patients according to outcome
Data | Vital status at discharge | Favourable outcome (mRS grades 0-2) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alive | Death | Pvalue | Yes | No | Pvalue | |
No. patients | 1833 | 249 | 382 | 1700 | ||
Male sex | 882 (48.1) | 105 (42.2) | 0.045 | 195 (51.0) | 792 (46.6) | 0.064 |
Age, years, mean (SD) | 80.7 (8.9) | 74.2(12.4) | 0.000 | 74.6 (10.9) | 75 (12.5) | 0.014 |
Age, years ≥ 85 years | 330 (18) | 94 (37.8) | 0.000 | 56 (14.7) | 368 (21.6) | 0.001 |
Vascular risk factors | ||||||
Hypertension | 997 (54.4) | 123 (49.4) | 0.077 | 200 (52.4) | 928 (54.6) | 0.244 |
Diabetes mellitus | 421 (23) | 50 (20.1) | 0.174 | 93 (24.3) | 78 (4.6) | 0.142 |
Valvular heart disease | 111 (6.1) | 19 (7.6) | 0.202 | 28 (7.3) | 102 (6) | 0.195 |
Ischaemic heart disease | 168 (9.2) | 57 (22.9) | 0.001 | 50 (13.1) | 269 (15.8) | 0.102 |
Atrial fibrillation | 481 (26.2) | 128 (51.4) | 0.000 | 94 (24.6) | 515 (30.3) | 0.015 |
Congestive heart failure | 76 (4.1) | 32 (12.9) | 0.000 | 9 (2.4) | 99 (5.8) | 0.002 |
Transient ischaemic attack | 204 (11.1) | 33 (13.2) | 0.187 | 48 (12.6) | 189 (11.1) | 0.235 |
Peripheral arterial disease | 127 (6.9) | 19 (7.6) | 0.382 | 26 (6.8) | 120 (7.1) | 0.483 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 132 (7.2) | 34 (13.7) | 0.001 | 21 (5.5) | 145 (8.5) | 0.027 |
Obesity (BMI > 32.5 kg/m2) | 97 (5.3) | 6 (2.4) | 0.060 | 24 (6.3) | 79 (4.6) | 0.116 |
Alcohol abuse (> 80 g/day) | 47 (2.6) | 9 (3.6) | 0.219 | 7 (1.8) | 49 (2.9) | 0.166 |
Smoking (> 20 cigarettes/day) | 193 (10.5) | 14 (5.6) | 0.013 | 32 (8.4) | 175 (10.3) | 0.149 |
Clinical features | ||||||
Sudden onset | 910 (49.6) | 144 (57.8) | 0.009 | 187 (49) | 867 (51) | 0.253 |
Headache | 242 (13.2) | 17 (6.8) | 0.002 | 47 (12.3) | 212 (12.5) | 0.504 |
Dizziness | 71 (3.9) | 8 (3.2) | 0.383 | 18 (4.7) | 66 (3.9) | 0.395 |
Early seizures | 23 (1.2) | 14 (5.6) | 0.000 | 4 (1.0) | 33 (1.9) | 0.163 |
Nausea, vomiting | 132 (7.2) | 33 (13.2) | 0.001 | 31 (8.1) | 134 (7.9) | 0.474 |
Speech disturbances | 925 (50.5) | 147 (59.0) | 0.007 | 200 (52.4) | 872 (51.3) | 0.375 |
Altered consciousness | 189 (10.3) | 149 (59.8) | 0.000 | 24 (6.3) | 314 (18.5) | 0.000 |
Limb weakness | 1334 (72.8) | 232 (93.2) | 0.000 | 259 (67.8) | 1307 (76.9) | 0.000 |
Sensory symptoms | 672 (36.7) | 137 (55.0) | 0.000 | 109 (28.5) | 700 (41.2) | 0.000 |
Hemianopia | 293 (16) | 76 (30.5) | 0.000 | 30 (7.9) | 339 (19.9) | 0.000 |
Ataxia | 122 (6.7) | 7 (2.8) | 0.008 | 25 (6.5) | 104 (6.1) | 0.414 |
Cranial nerve palsy | 85 (4.6) | 16 (6.4) | 0.122 | 14 (3.7) | 87 (5.1) | 0.143 |
Statin use before stroke | 356 (19.5) | 23 (9.2) | 0.000 | 84 (22) | 297 (17.5) | 0.025 |
Hospital stay, days, median (25th-75th interquartile range) | 12 (9-20) | 10 (4.7-23) | 0.000 | 10 (8-14) | 13 (8-22) | 0.000 |