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Table 3 Ordinary least-squares regression models with categorical age-related factors as main effects: results from models including available pairs of age-related factors (N = 815).a

From: Health-related quality of life in adults with epilepsy: the effect of age, age at onset and duration of epilepsy in a multicentre Italian study

Predictor variable

Type-1 Model

Type-2 Model

 

β

SE

p

β

SE

p

Age

      

   30-<40

-4.82

4.00

0.228

1.03

3.57

0.773

   40-<50

-10.98

4.75

0.021

-2.79

4.33

0.520

   50-<60

-18.41

5.57

<0.001

-7.85

5.10

0.124

   ≥ 60

-12.32

6.61

0.063

0.08

6.13

0.989

Age at onset

      

   10-<25

7.01

3.83

0.068

-2.03

3.45

0.557

   25-<55

7.88

4.75

0.097

-5.51

4.44

0.215

   ≥ 55

20.89

9.05

0.021

5.80

8.19

0.479

Seizure frequency in preceding 12 months

      

   1-5 vs seizure free

   

-18.77

3.50

<0.001

   6-20 vs seizure free

   

-23.76

4.49

<0.001

   ≥ 20 vs seizure free

   

-33.54

4.03

<0.001

Psychiatric disturbances

      

   yes vs no

   

-19.77

4.03

<0.001

Gender

      

   male vs female

   

8.13

2.73

0.003

Therapy

      

   monotherapy vs polytherapy

   

9.61

3.10

0.002

   no therapy vs polytherapy

   

17.06

10.97

0.120

Intellectual functions

      

   compromised vs normal

   

-12.84

4.15

0.002

Education

      

   9-13 years vs <9 years

   

7.33

3.15

0.020

   ≥ 14 years vs <9 years

   

10.84

4.20

0.010

Geographic area

      

   central Italy vs northern Italy

   

-2.32

3.29

0.480

   southern Italy vs northern Italy

   

-12.71

3.46

<0.001

Etiology

      

   cryptogenic vs symptomatic

   

4.58

3.11

0.141

   idiopathic vs symptomatic

   

2.72

3.90

0.486

Intercept

208.32

3.95

<0.001

217.69

5.87

<0.001

R 2

0.01

  

0.25

  

Age

      

   30-<40

-2.40

4.12

0.561

-0.77

3.67

0.834

   40-<50

-5.11

4.89

0.296

-4.50

4.44

0.311

   50-<60

-8.80

5.81

0.130

-8.00

5.28

0.130

   ≥ 60

0.99

5.75

0.863

3.49

5.40

0.519

Duration of epilepsy

      

   10-<20

2.54

4.12

0.538

4.62

3.66

0.207

   20-<30

-1.91

4.37

0.663

5.18

4.01

0.197

   30-<40

-10.57

5.17

0.041

4.83

4.79

0.314

   ≥ 40

-17.02

6.89

0.014

-5.02

6.34

0.429

Seizure frequency in preceding 12 months

      

   1-5 vs seizure free

   

-18.19

3.50

<0.001

   6-20 vs seizure free

   

-23.33

4.49

<0.001

   ≥ 20 vs seizure free

   

-32.64

4.04

<0.001

Psychiatric disturbances

      

   yes vs no

   

-20.07

4.04

<0.001

Gender

      

   male vs female

   

8.49

2.72

0.002

Therapy

      

   monotherapy vs polytherapy

   

9.74

3.15

0.002

   no therapy vs polytherapy

   

18.63

10.97

0.090

Intellectual functions

      

   compromised vs normal

   

-12.44

4.15

0.003

Education

      

   9-13 years vs <9 years

   

7.15

3.15

0.024

   ≥ 14 years vs <9 years

   

10.28

4.17

0.014

Geographic area

      

   central Italy vs northern Italy

   

-2.51

3.31

0.449

   southern Italy vs northern Italy

   

-13.21

3.47

<0.001

Etiology

      

   cryptogenic vs symptomatic

   

4.49

3.09

0.146

   idiopathic vs symptomatic

   

3.30

3.89

0.397

Intercept

212.82

3.43

<0.001

213.15

6.09

<0.001

R 2

0.02

  

0.25

  

Age at onset

      

   10-<25

1.08

4.22

0.797

-3.59

3.75

0.339

   25-<55

-5.21

5.23

0.319

-8.17

4.76

0.086

   ≥ 55

3.64

8.49

0.668

5.29

7.78

0.497

Duration of epilepsy

      

   10-<20

1.58

4.34

0.715

4.32

3.86

0.263

   20-<30

-3.86

4.69

0.411

3.45

4.27

0.418

   30-<40

-14.47

5.46

0.008

0.54

5.07

0.914

   ≥ 40

-20.60

7.02

0.003

-9.04

6.48

0.164

Seizure frequency in preceding 12 months

      

   1-5 vs seizure free

   

-18.49

3.50

<0.001

   6-20 vs seizure free

   

-23.19

4.48

<0.001

   ≥ 20 vs seizure free

   

-32.71

4.03

<0.001

Psychiatric disturbances

      

   yes vs no

   

-19.75

4.03

<0.001

Gender

      

   male vs female

   

8.34

2.72

0.002

Therapy

      

   monotherapy vs polytherapy

   

9.99

3.14

0.002

   no therapy vs polytherapy

   

18.37

10.97

0.094

Intellectual functions

      

   compromised vs normal

   

-12.74

4.15

0.002

Education

      

   9-13 years vs <9 years

   

7.26

3.11

0.020

   ≥ 14 years vs <9 years

   

11.06

4.15

0.008

Geographic area

      

   central Italy vs northern Italy

   

-2.46

3.30

0.457

   southern Italy vs northern Italy

   

-13.32

3.46

<0.001

Etiology

      

   cryptogenic vs symptomatic

   

5.231

3.106

0.093

   idiopathic vs symptomatic

   

3.264

3.888

0.401

Intercept

212.22

5.21

<0.001

215.85

7.03

<0.001

R 2

0.03

  

0.26

  
  1. aType-1 models include only the age-related variables as predictors of the overall Epi-QoL score. Type-2 models include the age-related variables and the selected potential confounders (as listed in the left outer column of the table). All variables included in the models were shown.β: unstandardized regression coefficient; SE: standard error.
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