Table 2 Clinical course & investigations
From: Autoimmune causes of encephalitis syndrome in Thailand: prospective study of 103 patients
Clinical course & investigations | Unknown cause | Immune-mediated cause | Infectious cause |
|---|---|---|---|
Prodrome symptoms | Â | Â | Â |
• Not clearly defined | 19(36%) | 8(32%) | 2(8%) |
• Headache | 1(2%) | 2(8%) | 5(20%) |
• Fever | 6(11%) | 7(28%) | 1(4%) |
• Fever with associated symptoms | 18(34%) | 3(12%) | 12(48%) |
• URI symptoms | 6(11%) | 1(4%) | 2(8%) |
• Fatigue ,weight loss | 1(2%) | 3(12%) | 0 |
• Skin rash | 1(2%) | 1(4%) | 3(12%) |
• Dizziness | 1(2%) | 0 | 0 |
Average duration of prodrome to neuro-symptoms | 3Â days | 3Â days | 2Â days |
(0–150 days) | (0–180 days) | (0–30 days) | |
Average duration of neuro-symptoms onset to peak | 1Â days | 7Â days | 3Â days |
(1–180 days) | (1–180 days) | (1–60 days) | |
Presenting symptoms | Â | Â | Â |
• Worsening headache/neck stiffness | 2(4%) | 0 | 0 |
• Hemiparesis | 1(2%) | 0 | 1(4%) |
• Paraparesis/paresthesia | 6(12%) | 3(12%) | 1(4%) |
• Triparesis | 1(2%) | 0 | 0 |
• Quadriparesis | 3(6%) | 1(4%) | 0 |
• Psychomotor retardation/drowsiness | 6(12%) | 1(4%) | 5(20%) |
• Psychosis with/without seizure | 2(4%) | 6(24%) | 0 |
• Behavioral change with/without seizure | 13(26%) | 6(24%) | 12(48%) |
• Seizures | 19(6%) | 6(24%) | 4(16%) |
• Facial weakness | 0 | 0 | 1(4%) |
• Stiff-person syndrome | 0 | 1(4%) | 0 |
CSF white cells range: 0–5 cells/mm3 | 26(49%) | 15(60%) | 5(20%) |
     : 6–50 cells/mm3 | 15(28%) | 3(12%) | 8(32%) |
     : 51–100 cells/mm3 | 1(2%) | 3(12%) | 1(4%) |
     : 101–500 cells/mm3 | 6(11%) | 1(4%) | 3(12%) |
     : >500 cells/mm3 | 2(4%) | 0 | 4(16%) |
CSF protein range : 0–30 mg/dl | 11(21%) | 7(28%) | 3(12%) |
     : 31–60 mg/dl | 19(36%) | 7(28%) | 6(24%) |
     : 61–100 mg/dl | 9(17%) | 5(20%) | 6(24%) |
     : >100 mg/dl | 10(19%) | 3(12%) | 5(20%) |
CSF glucose range: 0–30 mg/dl | 1(2%) | 1(4%) | 2(8%) |
     : 31–60 mg/dl | 15(28%) | 10(40%) | 6(24%) |
     : 61–100 mg/dl | 26(49%) | 8(32%) | 12(48%) |
     : >100 mg/dl | 7(13%) | 3(12%) | 0 |
• Neuroimagings: available | 44 | 24 | 23 |
• Normal | 7(15.9%) | 3(12.5%) | 1(4.3%) |
• Midline structures* | 3(6.8%) | 2(8.3%) | 1(4.3%) |
• Midline structures plus** | 3(6.8%) | 0 | 7(30.4%) |
• White matter lesions | 4(9.1%) | 3(12.5%) | 0 |
• Cortical lesions | 8(18.2%) | 4(16.7%) | 4(17.5%) |
• Multifocal lesions*** | 8(18.2%) | 3(12.5%) | 3(13%) |
• Meninges | 5(11.4%) | 1(4.2%) | 4(17.5%) |
• Miscellaneous**** | 2(4.5%) | 7(29.1%) | 2(8.7%) |
• Myelopathy | 4(9.1%) | 1(4.2%) | 1(4.3%) |