Table 2 Five Zamboni criteria distributed in both subject groups
Colour Doppler criteria | Relapsing remitting | Secondary progressive | Primary progressive | Whole MS | Healthy controls |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N, %) | (N, %) | (N, %) | (N, %) | (N, %) | |
1. Reflux in IJVs and/or VVs with the head at 0° and +90° or reflux in one position with blocked flow in the other | 91/313 | 58/313 | 29/313 | 178/313 | 18/298 |
29.1% | 18.5% | 9.3% | 56.9% | 6.0% | |
2. Reflux in the deep cerebral veins | 162/313 | 88/313 | 49/313 | 299/313 | 64/298 |
51.8% | 22.1% | 15.6% | 95.5% | 21.5% | |
3. High resolution B-mode evidence of proximal IJV malformations | 162/313 | 90/313 | 42/313 | 294/313 | 39/298 |
51.8% | 28.8% | 13.3% | 93.9% | 13.1% | |
4. Flow not Doppler detectable in the IJV and/or VV at 0° and 90° | 22/313 | 28/313 | 18/313 | 68/313 | 0/298 |
7.0% | 8.9% | 5.7% | 21.7% | 0% | |
5. ΔCSA in the IJV ≤ 0 | 20/313 | 29/313 | 13/313 | 62/313 | 0/298 |
6.4% | 9.3% | 4.1% | 19.8% | 0% |