Table 2 Rate ratios ¹ and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for subarachnoid haemorrhage in people with selected immune-mediated diseases, compared with the control cohort ²

Addison’s disease

25

2.01 (1.3-2.97)

0.001*

Ankylosing spondylitis

46

1.64 (1.2-2.19)

0.001*

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

16

1.99 (1.14-3.23)

0.009

Chronic active hepatitis

1

0.18 (0-0.99)

0.08

Coeliac disease

72

1.04 (0.82-1.32)

0.76

Crohn’s disease

159

1.29 (1.1-1.51)

0.001*

Dermatomyositis

3

1.27 (0.26-3.7)

0.93

Diabetes mellitus

534

1.21 (1.11-1.33)

<0.001*

Goodpasture’s syndrome

2

2.31 (0.28-8.34)

0.50

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

10

0.97 (0.46-1.78)

0.96

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

62

2.42 (1.86-3.11)

<0.001*

Multiple sclerosis

115

1.09 (0.9-1.31)

0.41

Myasthenia gravis

12

0.93 (0.48-1.62)

0.91

Myxoedema

1283

1.15 (1.09-1.22)

<0.001*

Pemphigoid

16

1.29 (0.74-2.1)

0.38

Pemphigus

3

1.35 (0.28-3.94)

0.85

Pernicious anaemia

96

1.3 (1.05-1.59)

0.013

Polyarteritis nodosa

4

1.79 (0.49-4.6)

0.40

Polymyositis

8

1.81 (0.78-3.56)

0.15

Primary biliary cirrhosis

30

2.21 (1.49-3.16)

<0.001*

Psoriasis

156

1.34 (1.14-1.57)

<0.001*

Rheumatoid arthritis

640

1.48 (1.36-1.6)

<0.001*

Scleroderma

25

1.84 (1.19-2.72)

0.003

Sjogren’s syndrome

39

1.69 (1.2-2.31)

0.001*

Systematic lupus erythematosus

108

3.76 (3.08-4.55)

<0.001*

Thyrotoxicosis

202

1.38 (1.19-1.58)

<0.001*

Ulcerative colitis

198

1.00 (0.87-1.16)

0.99