Table 2 Five chemical reactions with supposed critical relevance in relation to MLN and MS

1

Fenton reaction of iron: (1) Fe²⁺ + H₂O₂ → Fe³⁺ + HO• + OH⁻ and (2) Fe³⁺ + H₂O₂ → Fe²⁺ + HOO• + H⁺

This reaction can become induced by ionizing radiation/ geomagnetic disturbances and

is involved in oxidative charging of MLN (A → B in Figure 1) [49, 69]. ^P

2

Vitamin D-dependent γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase reaction generating glutathione in astrocytes, allowing for discharging of MLN (B → A in Figure 1) [35]. ^P

3

Radical scavenging of nitric oxide by means of uric acid [58]. ^P

4

Generation of peroxynitrite by a quasi-catalytical reaction of oxidatively charged MLN [45]. ^F

5

Demyelination by means of reaction of peroxynitrite with myelin [70]. ^F