Table 1 Summary of the seven studies that investigated the association between osteoporosis (osteopenia) and BPPV
From: Association between osteoporosis and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a systematic review
Study | Age range (Mean ± SD) | No. of subjects: control | Design | Percentage female and male | Outcomes evaluated | Conclusions of authors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vibert 2003 [15] | 50 to 85(69 ± 9.2) | 32(BPPV):83(Healthy controls) | Case–control study | All were Female | BMD | The apparent correlation between BPPV and osteopenia or osteoporosis |
Jang2009 [11] | 20 to 69 | 78(BPPV):117 (Healthy controls) | Cohort studies | All were Female | BMD, The number of canalith repositioning maneuvers, The presence of recurrence | Patients with BPPV had lower BMD values compared with control subjects, and patients with low BMD values showed a significant increase in the number of canalith repositioning maneuvers required and the recurrence rate |
Jeong2009 [12] | 29 to 90 years (59.8 ± 12.5 in test group, 56.3 ± 8.6 in control group) | 209(BPPV):202(Healthy controls) | Case–control study | Female: Male in BPPV Group (142:67), in Control (96:106) | BMD | Decreased BMD score both in women and in men with BBPV, compared with that in controls. |
Mikulec2010 [13] | 51 to 80 | 143(BPPV):117(Controls that with symmetric sensorineural hearing loss and without known vestibular problems) | Case–control study | All were Female | The presence or absence of osteoporosis | There was a negative association between BPPV and treated osteoporosis in women aged 51 to 60 years, and a trend towards a negative association for women aged 61–70 years and for the group as a whole. Osteoporosis, or the medication used to treat it, may provide protection against BPPV. |
Yamanaka2013 [16] | 50 to 88 (63.7 ± 7.40) | 39(Recurrence free): 9 (Single recurrence):13(Multiple recurrence) | Case–control study | All were Female | BMD | Osteoporosis is a risk factor for BPPV recurrence. The prognosis of BPPV might be clinically predicted by BMD reduction. |
Parham2013 [14] | 49 to 81 (66.9 ± 1.8) | 16(BPPV):13(osteopenia/osteoporosis) | Cohort studies | All were Female | BMD. Calcium, Vit D, 25(OH)D3, and Serum Markers of Bone Turnover (sNTX, P1NP) | Postmenopausal women with BPPV have a high prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis, and postmenopausal women with osteopenia/osteoporosis have higher than expected prevalence of BPPV. Levels of biochemical markers of bone turnover correlate with presence of BPPV but not Ca or Vit D. |
Stefano2013 [17] | 65 to 95(72.9 ± 6.14) | 1092(BPPV):13(BPPV with osteopenia/osteoporosis) | Multicenter Case–control study | Female: Male(685:407) | Risk of recurrence | Combine with two or more comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthrosis), osteoporosis further increases the risk of relapsing BPPV |