Table 5 Comparison of worldwide prevalence of stroke over the last 20 years
From: The burden of stroke and transient ischemic attack in Pakistan: a community-based prevalence study
Author | Method of Diagnosis of Stroke | Study Method | Sample Population | Year | Important Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bharucha et al[24] | Clinical diagnosis by a neurologist | Population-based door-to-door survey | India, Bombay (n = 14 010) | 1988 | Crude prevalence was 842 per 100 000 population; age-specific rates were higher in men |
Mittelmark et al[25] | Self-reported history plus medical record confirmation | Population based longitudinal study | Four regions, USA (n = 5,201) | 1989-90 | Crude prevalence rate was 246 per 100,000a |
Bots et al[26] | Self-reported history plus medical record confirmation | Population-based, cohort | Rotterdam, Netherlands (n = 7983) | 1990-93 | A total of 352 individuals out of 7983 were reported to have a stroke, while an additional 285 were reported with clinical data. This represents a crude prevalence rate of 7979 per 100,000a |
Geddes et al[27] | Self-reported stroke questionnaire through postal service | Population based, point prevalence study | Yorkshire, UK (n = 18,827) | 1991 | Crude prevalence rate was 4680 per 100,000, with males having a higher prevalence |
Bonita et al[28] | Clinical diagnosis using WHO definition | Retrospective analysis of hospital, clinical and autopsy record | Auckland, New Zealand (n = 854000 and 945 000)b | 1991-92 | Age-adjusted rate was 833 per 100, 000 |
Prencipe et al[29] | Self-reported history followed by neurological examination | Community-based, door-to-door survey | L'Aquila, Italy (n = 1032) | 1992 | Crude prevalence rate was 7300 per 100,000. Prevalence of stroke was higher in men and increased with age in both sexes |
O'Mahony et al[30] | Screening questionnaire followed by clinical confirmation using WHO criteria | Population based, point prevalence study | Newcastle, UK (n = 2000) | 1993 | Crude prevalence rate was 4740 per 100,000, while age adjusted rates were 1750 per 100,000. Prevalence increased proportionately in older age groups |
Huang et al[31] | unclear | Population-based, Cross sectional?? | Taiwan, China (n = 11, 925) | 1994 | Crude prevalence rate was 595 per 100,000 |
Nicoletti et al[32] | WHO Stroke screening instrument | Population based door-to-door survey | Cordillera, Bolivia (n = 9955) | 1994 | Crude prevalence rate was 663 per 100,000 for those >/= 35 years. Prevalence in men was 2× greater than women |
Banergee et al[33] | Clinical diagnosis by a neurologist or CT imaging | Population-based cluster survey | India, Calcutta (n = 50 291) | 1998-1999 | Crude prevalence was 147 and age-adjusted rate was 334 per 100 000 population; females had higher prevalence in all age groups |
Anand et al[34] | Self-reported history or clinical diagnosis by physician | Population-based cross-sectional | Canada (n = 985) | 2000 | Crude prevalence rates were similar among ethnic groups: South Asians: 300, European whites: 1800, and Chinese: 600 per 100 000 population |
AASAP[35] | Unclear | Based on national health records of individual country | Nine Asian countries (Pakistan was not part of this study) | 2000 | Crude prevalence in India ranges from 90-222 per 100 000; Thailand and Taiwan had higher reported prevalence rates (690 and 1430) per 100 000 |
Jafar et al[4] | Self-reported history | Community survey and target sampling | Pakistan (n = 500) | 2001 | Crude prevalence was 4800 per 100 000 |
Venketa-subramanium et al[36] | Clinical diagnosis using WHO definition | Population-based, cross-sectional | Singapore (n = 15 606) | 2001-2003 | Crude as well as age-standardized rates were similar among ethnic groups (SA: 362, Malays: 332, Chinese: 376) per 100 000 population |
Department of Health Survey for England[37] | Clinical diagnosis using WHO definition | Population-based door-to-door health survey | Stratified proportionate sample from general population | 2005 | Crude prevalence in South Asians (Indian: 1100, Pakistani: 1800, Bangladeshi: 1800) were lower than European Whites (2400) per 100 000 population |
This Study - Kamal et al | Self-reported history based on SSQ followed by neurological examination | Community-based following census | Karachi, Pakistan (n = 545) | 2008-2009 | Crude prevalence was determined to be 19000 per 100,000. Women found to have a higher prevalence of stroke and at an earlier age than men. |