Table 3 Comparison of baseline clinical features and neuro-imaging findings between HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis patients with and those without seizures

Sex (Male/female)

92/58

16/12

0.76

Mean age at onset

53.18 ± 17.86

49.86 ± 21.48

0.446

Mean GCS on presentation

13.05 ± 3.11

11.79 ± 4.10

0.064

Underlying diseases

Diabetes mellitus

27 (17.8)

7 (25.0)

0.369

1.543

0.596-3.995

Pulmonary TB

8 (5.3)

4 (14.2)

0.095

3

0.838-10.743

Systemic lupus erythematosus

7 (4.6)

1 (3.6)

1

0.767

0.091-6.489

Liver cirrhosis

9 (5.9)

4 (14.3)

0.123

2.648

0.755-9.286

Chronic alcoholism

3 (2.0)

0

1

0.842

0.79-0.897

Autoimmune diseases

4 (2.6)

1 (3.6)

0.575

1.37

0.147-12.736

Hematological diseases

7 (4.6)

1 (3.6)

1

0.767

0.091-6.489

Malignance

10 (6.6)

1 (3.6)

1

0.526

0.065-4.279

Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome

12 (7.9)

1 (3.6)

0.695

0.432

0.054-3.463

Clinical features

Fever/chills

89 (58.6)

21 (75.0)

0.101

2.124

0.851-5.298

Headache

69 (45.4)

18 (64.3)

0.066

2.165

0.938-4.997

Disturbed consciousness

61 (40.1)

16 (57.1)

0.095

1.989

0.88-4.497

Visual disturbance

19 (12.5)

7 (25.0)

0.084

2.333

0.875-6.225

Hearing impairment

4 (2.6)

2 (7.1)

0.235

2.846

0.496-16.342

Neuro-imaging findings at presentation

Hydrocephalus

74 (48.7)

16 (57.1)

0.411

1.405

0.623-3.170

Cerebral infarction

14 (9.2)

4 (14.2)

0.489

1.643

0.498-5.415

Gyral enhancement

13 (8.6)

6 (21.4)

0.042

2.916

1.003-8.474

Basal cistern effacement

10 (6.6)

1 (3.6)

1

0.526

0.065-4.279

Pseudo-cyst

7 (4.6)

4 (14.2)

0.071

3.452

0.939-12.696

Dilated Virchow-Robin space

10 (6.6)

3 (10.7)

0.43

1.704

0.438-6.629

Mass lesions

8 (5.3)

2 (7.1)

0.656

1.385

0.278-6.891

Peripheral blood testing

Leukocytosis

35 (23.0)

10 (35.7)

0.154

1.857

0.786-4.390

Leucopenia

2 (1.3)

0

1

0.843

0.791-0.898

Thrombocytopenia

12 (7.9)

6 (21.4)

0.028

3.182

1.083-9.352

Hyponatremia

21 (13.8)

5 (17.8)

0.576

1.356

0.465-3.958

CSF study

Opening pressure (mmH2O)

305 ± 80.9

387.3 ± 154.1

0.09

Sugar (mg/dl)

39.04

41.16

0.766

Total Protein (mg/dl)

203.78

285.95

0.282

Lactate (mg/dl)

51.56

61.67

0.217

CSF cryptococcal antigen titer

≥1:1024

73 (48.0)

16 (57.1)

0.375

1.44

0.64-3.25

<1:1024

79 (52.0)

12 (42.9)

Outcome

Median (IRQ) hospitalization days

56.9 ± 45.29

77.54 ± 56.14

0.050