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Table 4 Categories of items identified by the expert panel in domains 1–3 in the American Geriatric Society guidance

From: An international road map to improve pain assessment in people with impaired cognition: the development of the Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition (PAIC) meta-tool

Facial Expression (AGS domain 1)

Vocalization (AGS domain 2)

Body movement (AGS domain 3)

1. Cognition

1. Verbal utterances

1. Tension

2. Emotional state

2. Nonverbal utterances

2. Defensive behaviour

3. Anatomically-based descriptions

3. Breath

3. Pain relieving adjustments

4. Autonomic reactions

 

4. Restlessness

5. Qualitative judgment of expression