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Table 2 Occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and motor neuron disease (MND) in patients hospitalised with gout by time interval: observed (O) and expected (E) number of cases in each cohort, relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) in the exposure cohort compared with the reference cohorta

From: Clinical associations between gout and multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and motor neuron disease: record-linkage studies

Time interval

Gout before MS

Gout before PD

Gout before MND

O

E

RR (95% CI)

O

E

RR (95% CI)

O

E

RR (95% CI)

Overall

98

77.3

1.27 (1.03-1.55)

1568

1420.3

1.11 (1.05-1.17)

197

155.1

1.28 (1.11-1.48)

<1 yr

36

23.5

1.55 (1.08-2.15)

405

330.9

1.24 (1.12-1.38)

59

39.0

1.56 (1.17-2.04)

1-4 yrs

39

36.9

1.06 (0.75-1.45)

824

745.8

1.11 (1.03-1.19)

95

80.4

1.19 (0.96-1.46)

5+ yrs

23

16.8

1.37 (0.87-2.06)

339

343.6

0.99 (0.88-1.10)

43

35.6

1.21 (0.87-1.64)

  1. aConditions used in reference cohort, with Office of Population, Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) code edition 4 for operations and ICD10 code for diagnosis (with equivalent codes used for other coding editions): adenoidectomy (OPCS4 E20), appendectomy (H01–H03), dilation and curettage (Q10–Q11), hip replacement (W37–W39), knee replacement (W40– W42), cataract (H25), otitis (H60-H67), upper respiratory tract infections (J00-J06), varicose veins (I83), haemorrhoids (I84), deflected septum (J34.2), nasal polyp (J33), impacted tooth and other disorders of teeth (K00–K03), inguinal hernia (K40), in-growing nail, toenail and other diseases of nails (L60), bunion (M20.1), internal derangement of knee (M23), selected limb fractures (S42, S52, S62, S82, S92), contraceptive management (Z30).
  2. Note that, in analysis, we included all people eligible to be in the reference cohort in each stratum and calculated the observed and expected number of people within each age stratum (see Method). Then, given that the individual stratum-specific values of observed and expected cases were equivalent in respect of age, we summed the age-specific values to provide an age-standardised all-ages set of RRs.