Table 4 Description of study patients
All units are N (%) except for age | All patients (N = 2,353,909) | No pacemaker (N = 2,257,909) | Pacemaker (N = 96,000) |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean age years (95% confidence interval) | 72.1 (72.0, 72.1) | 72.1 (72.1, 72.1) | 71.6 (71.6, 71.7) |
Male | 1,036,044 (44.0) | 981,569 (43.5) | 54,475 (56.7) |
Had a code for dementia | 607,540 (25.8) | 576,114 (25.5) | 31,426 (32.7) |
MEDICATION GROUP EXPOSURE | Â | Â | Â |
At any time | Â | Â | Â |
Cholinesterase inhibitor | 197,021 (8.4) | 186,366 (8.3) | 10,655 (11.1) |
Ace-inhibitor / Angiotensin receptor blocker | 1,239,438 (52.7) | 1,167,268 (51.7) | 72,170 (75.2) |
Insulin / oral hypoglycemic agent | 420,699 (17.9) | 397,520 (17.6) | 23,179 (24.1) |
Proton pump inhibitors/H2-receptor blocker | 1,313,173 (55.8) | 1,249,276 (55.3) | 63,897 (66.6) |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor | 522,474 (22.2) | 495,830 (22.0) | 26,644 (27.8) |
Statin | 904,123 (38.4) | 850,149 (37.7) | 53,974 (56.2) |
Thiazide diuretic | 697,510 (29.6) | 661,058 (29.3) | 36,452 (38.0) |
Thyroxine | 338,349 (14.4) | 317,760 (14.1) | 20,589 (21.4) |
Vaughan-Williams drug class | Â | Â | Â |
Ia | 12,494 (0.5) | 10,853 (0.5) | 1,641 (1.7) |
Ib | 2,046 (0.1) | 1,738 (0.1) | 308 (0.3) |
Ic | 23,917 (1.0) | 19,679 (0.9) | 4,238 (4.4) |
II (beta-blockers) | 834,007 (35.4) | 770,077 (34.1) | 63,930 (66.6) |
III | 87,435 (3.7) | 68,858 (3.0) | 18,577 (19.4) |
IV (calcium channel blockers) | 387,964 (16.5) | 356,840 (15.8) | 31,124 (32.4) |
V (digoxin) | 332,370 (14.1) | 299,183 (13.3) | 33,187 (34.6) |
Median proportion observation time exposed to medication group (25 th ,75 th %ile) | Â | Â | Â |
Cholinesterase inhibitor | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) |
Ace-inhibitor/Angiotensin receptor blocker | 0.01 (0.00-0.22) | 0.01 (0.00-0.22) | 0.03 (0.00-0.26) |
Insulin/oral hypoglycemic agent | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) |
Proton pump inhibitors/H2-receptor blocker | 0.01 (0.00-0.09) | 0.01 (0.00-0.09) | 0.00 (0.00-0.05) |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) |
Statin | 0.00 (0.00-0.08) | 0.00 (0.00-0.08) | 0.00 (0.00-0.08) |
Thiazide diuretic | 0.00 (0.00-0.02) | 0.00 (0.00-0.02) | 0.00 (0.00-0.01) |
Thyroxine | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) |
Vaughan-Williams drug class | Â | Â | Â |
Ia | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) |
Ib | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) |
Ic | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) |
II (beta-blockers) | 0.00 (0.00-0.04) | 0.00 (0.00-0.04) | 0.01 (0.00-0.15) |
III | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) |
IV (calcium channel blockers) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.01) |
V (digoxin) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) |