Table 1 Differential diagnosis of chronic myelopathy (Intramedullary) based on MRI
From: Late-onset spinal form xanthomatosis without brain lesion: a case report
Immune-mediated | Behcet’s disease |
Mixed connective tissue disease | |
Multiple sclerosis | |
Neuro-sarcoidosis | |
Paraneoplastic | |
Sjogren disease | |
Solitary sclerosis | |
Systemic lupus erythematosus | |
Infectious | Cysticercosis |
Echinococcosis | |
Fungal | |
HTLV | |
HIV/AIDS | |
Schistosomiasis | |
Syphilis | |
Tuberculosis | |
Whipple’s disease | |
Vascular | Cavernous malformation |
Spinal arteriovenous malformation | |
Congenital | Arachnoid cyst |
Epidermoid cyst | |
Hypomyelination with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and leg spasticity | |
Spinal xanthomatosis | |
Toxic/metabolic | Copper deficiency |
Folic acid | |
Heroin | |
Konzo (cassava) | |
Neurolathyrism | |
Nitrous oxide toxicity | |
Radiation-induced | |
Vitamin B12 deficiency | |
Vitamin E deficiency toxicity | |
Degenerative | Post-traumatic |
Spondylotic myelopathy | |
Tumor/neoplasm | Astrocytoma |
Ependymoma | |
Hemangioblastoma | |
Intravascular lymphoma | |
Metastases | |
Schwannoma | |
Spinal lymphoma | |
Other | Syringomyelia |