Table 2 Prevalence of symptoms of serotonin syndrome
From: Conundrums in neurology: diagnosing serotonin syndrome – a meta-analysis of cases
All (n = 299) | Rhabdo-myolysis (n = 42) | No rhabdo-myolysis (n = 257) | Intensive care (n = 114) | No inten-sive care (n = 177) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% Mental status changes | |||||
Mania | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.7 | - | 4.5 |
Confusion/consciousness impairment/semi coma | 63.9 | 73.8 | 62.3 | 68.4 | 59.9 |
Coma | 11.4 | 21.4 | 9.7 | 25.4** | 2.8 |
Agitation/restlessness | 56.1 | 45.2 | 58.0 | 60.5 | 53.7 |
Insomnia | 9.7 | -* | 11.3 | 2.6** | 14.7 |
% Neurological symptoms | |||||
Clonus • Spontaneous • Inducible | 34.1 27.1 7.0 | 31.0 26.2 4.8 | 34.6 27.2 7.4 | 45.6** 38.6** 7.0 | 27.7 20.9 6.7 |
Eye clonus/roving eye movements • Spontaneous • Inducible | 7.7 7.4 0.3 | 11.9 11.9 - | 7.0 6.6 0.4 | 10.5 10.5 - | 5.7 5.1 0.6 |
Myoclonus | 41.5 | 35.7 | 42.4 | 43.9 | 39.5 |
Tremor | 58.5 | 57.1 | 58.9 | 42.1** | 70.1 |
Hyperreflexia | 56.5 | 66.7 | 54.9 | 60.5 | 54.2 |
Rigidity/hypertonicity | 45.4 | 59.5* | 43.2 | 55.3* | 40.6 |
Incoordination | 15.1 | 4.8* | 16.7 | 8.8* | 19.8 |
% Vegetative symptoms | |||||
Diarrhea | 15.1 | 7.1 | 16.7 | 13.2 | 17.5 |
Fevera | 59.7 | 76.9* | 56.0 | 74.0** | 46.6 |
Hyperthermia > 41.1 °Cb | 9.2 | 20.6* | 6.5 | 17.6* | 1.2 |
Diaphoresis | 53.2 | 52.4 | 53.3 | 50.9 | 54.8 |
Shiver | 15.1 | 16.7 | 14.8 | 19.3 | 12.4 |
Mydriasis | 34.1 | 42.9 | 32.7 | 36.0 | 32.8 |
Tachy/bradycardiac | 85.1 | 88.9 | 84.3 | 86.3 | 84.2 |
Hyper/hypotensiond | 75.8 | 76.6 | 75.7 | 80.7 | 70.6 |
Tachy/dyspnea as measured by a breathing rate > 20 or hypoxia | 26.4 | 38.1 | 24.5 | 43.9** | 15.9 |