Table 6 Baseline cognitive, physical and functional characteristics and quality of life of the participants in the 4C Study
Mean ± SD, unless stated differently | 4C-MCI cohort (n = 315) | 4C-Dementia cohort (n = 331) |
|---|---|---|
Subclassification cognitive disorder, N (%)a | ||
Subjective cognitive decline | 90 (29) | n.a. |
Amnestic MCI | 151 (48) | n.a. |
Non-amnestic MCI | 71 (23) | n.a. |
Alzheimer’s disease (probable or possible) | n.a. | 216 (65) |
Vascular dementia or any dementia diagnosis with a vascular component | n.a. | 71 (21) |
Any other dementia diagnosis without a vascular component | n.a. | 44 (13) |
Self-reported duration of cognitive problems (years) | 3.3 ± 3.8 | 3.1 ± 2.6 |
Self-reported course of cognitive problems, N (%) | ||
Progressive | 213 (67.6) | 285 (89.1) |
Stable | 40 (12.7) | 14 (4.4) |
Fluctuated | 33 (10.5) | 21 (6.6) |
Cognitive functionsb | ||
MMSE (range 0–30, lower is worse) | 26.9 ± 2.6 | 21.9 ± 3.7 |
VLT immediate recall (z-score, lower is worse) | −1.1 ± 1.2 | −2.3 ± 1.1 |
VLT delayed recall (z-score, lower is worse) | −1.2 ± 1.3 | −2.4 ± 0.9 |
60 s animal fluency (z-score, lower is worse) | −0.7 ± 0.8 | −1.7 ± 0.9 |
TMT-A (z-score, lower is worse) | −0.3 ± 1.4 | −1.7 ± 1.9 |
TMT-B (z-score, lower is worse) | −0.4 ± 1.3 | −1.8 ± 1.4 |
SCWT card 1 + 2 (z-score, lower is worse) | −1.2 ± 1.7 | −2.8 ± 2.5 |
SCWT card 3 (z-score, lower is worse) | −1.2 ± 2.4 | −3.5 ± 3.2 |
Neuropsychiatric symptoms | ||
GDS-15 (range 0–15, higher is worse) | 3.6 ± 2.8 | 3.1 ± 2.7 |
NPI (range 0–144, higher is worse) | 14.5 ± 15.0 | 16.3 ± 16.3 |
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 26.2 ± 3.9 | 25.9 ± 4.3 |
DAD (range 0–100, lower is worse) | 86.7 ± 15.7 | 70.8 ± 24.1 |
CIRS-G | ||
Total score (range 0–52c, higher is worse) | 7.09 ± 4.87 | 7.48 ± 4.94 |
Severity index (total score/number of categories endorsed, range 0–4, higher is worse) | 1.57 ± 0.51 | 1.63 ± 0.55 |
Comorbidity index (number of categories with score ≥2, range 0–13, higher is worse) | 2.25 ± 1.93 | 2.37 ± 1.90 |
CIRS-G category with score ≥2 (at least moderate disability or morbidity/requires “first line” therapy), N (%) | ||
Heart | 92 (29.2) | 90 (27.3) |
Vascular | 144 (45.7) | 170 (51.5) |
Hematopoietic | 12 (3.8) | 25 (7.6) |
Respiratory | 74 (23.5) | 54 (16.4) |
Eyes/ears/nose/throat | 54 (17.1) | 72 (21.8) |
Upper gastrointestinal | 48 (15.2) | 43 (13.0) |
Lower gastrointestinal | 28 (8.9) | 35 (10.6) |
Liver | 20 (6.3) | 21 (6.4) |
Renal | 15 (4.8) | 19 (5.8) |
Genitourinary | 57 (18.1) | 75 (22.7) |
Neuromuscular | 40 (12.7) | 70 (21.2) |
Neurological | 75 (23.8) | 48 (14.6) |
Endocrine | 49 (15.6) | 59 (17.9) |
Frailty according Fried Criteria, N (%) | ||
Not frail (≤1 of 5 criteria satisfied), | 219 (74.7) | 224 (68.9) |
Pre-frail (2 of 5 criteria satisfied) | 44 (15.0) | 55 (16.9) |
Frail (≥3 of 5 criteria satisfied) | 30 (10.2) | 46 (14.2) |
EQ-5D (with Dutch weights) (range 0–1, lower is worse) | 0.98 ± 0.06 | 0.81 ± 0.20 |
EQ-5D VAS (range 0–100, lower is worse) | 69.4 ± 15.6 | 67.5 ± 16.9 |