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Table 4 Standardized monthly direct health care cost over the follow-up period

From: Health care cost associated with the use of enzyme-inducing and non-enzyme–active antiepileptic drugs in the UK: a long-term retrospective matched cohort study

Costs are in 2014 £GBP

 

EIAED (n = 951)

nEAAED (n = 951)

Total direct all-cause health care costs

Median (range)

229 (18–18,613)

188* (16–33,880)

Mean (SD)

495 (1016)

432 (1272)

A&E visits

Median (range)

0 (0–1740)

0 (0–316)

Mean (SD)

9 (64)

6 (22)

AED medications

Median (range)

9 (2–1407)

8 (2–438)

Mean (SD)

23 (58)

13 (22)

GP practice consultations

Median (range)

114 (12–2816)

102 (8–1591)

Mean (SD)

161 (187)

143 (146)

Inpatient hospitalizations

Median (range)

0 (0–13,337)

0 (0–33,394)

Mean (SD)

236 (830)

217 (1203)

Non-AED medications

Median (range)

7 (0–797)

6 (0–939)

Mean (SD)

30 (69)

28 (71)

Outpatient, non-A&E referrals

Median (range)

1 (0–489)

2 (0–284)

Mean (SD)

16 (43)

9 (22)

Test procedures

Median (range)

7 (0–761)

7 (0–518)

Mean (SD)

20 (43)

16 (32)

Total epilepsy-related direct health care costs

Median (range)

27 (3–15,781)

21 (2–3942)

Mean (SD)

124 (608)

87 (287)

  1. Abbreviations: A&E accident and emergency, AED antiepileptic drug, EIAED enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drug, GP general practitioner, nEAAED non-enzyme–active antiepileptic drug, SD standard deviation
  2. *p = 0.0091 vs EIAED, calculated by Mann–Whitney U test