Table 1 Baseline characteristics of studied patients
From: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients
Variable | DM type 1 | DM type 2 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Patients number | 34 | 161 | |
Male/Female, nr (%) | 12 (35.3)/22 (64.7) | 76 (47.2)/85 (52.8) | 0.20# |
Age (years) | 36.7 ± 9.5 | 58.1 ± 8.2 | 0.0001** |
Age at diabetes diagnosis (years) | 22.2 ± 7.5 | 49.8 ± 9.2 | 0.0001** |
Diabetes duration (years) | 14.5 (1–27) | 6 (1–37) | 0.0001* |
Diabetes duration | |||
< 5 years, nr (%) | 4 (11.8) | 61 (37.9) | 0.01# |
5–10 years, nr (%) | 6 (17.6) | 28 (17.4) | 0.78# |
11–15 years, nr (%) | 10 (29.43) | 54 (33.5) | 0.54# |
> 15 yers, nr (%) | 14 (41.2) | 18 (11.2) | 0.001# |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.6 ± 3.9 | 30.8 ± 5.3 | 0.001** |
Systolic BP(mmHg) | 123.6 ± 13.8 | 143.4 ± 19.6 | 0.001** |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 72.6 ± 10.4 | 81.4 ± 9.9 | 0.001** |
Pulse pressure | 51.8 ± 10.4 | 61.5 ± 16.1 | 0.001** |
Hypertension (yes), nr (%) | 9 (26.5) | 106 (65.8) | 0.001# |
Ex-smokers, nr (%) | 21 (61.8) | 92 (57.1) | 0.32# |
Smokers (yes), nr (%) | 13 (38.2) | 69 (42.9) | 0.42# |
< 20 cigarettes/day, nr (%) | 10 (71.4) | 33(47.8) | 0.38# |
> 20 cigarettes/day, nr (%) | 4 (28.6) | 36 (52.2) | 0.38# |
Triglycerides (mg%) | 142.0 (76–478) | 178 (60–1100) | 0.003* |
HgbA1c | 9.2 ± 1.3 | 8.3 ± 1.4 | 0.004** |
FPG (mg%) | 231.8 ± 63.5 | 183.9 ± 64.0 | 0.001** |
eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 71.1 ± 24.7 | 75.6 ± 20.5 | 0.26** |
PNP | |||
Clinical, nr (%) | 22 (64.7) | 68 (42.2) | 0.02# |
Subclinical, nr (%) | 0 (0.0) | 46 (28.6) | 0.005# |
No PNP, nr (%) | 12 (35.3) | 44 (29.2) | 0.78# |
Retinopathy | |||
Proliferative, nr (%) | 8 (23.5) | 10 (6.2) | 0.002# |
Preproliferative, nr (%) | 12 (35.3) | 49 (30.4) | 0.82# |
No retinopathy, nr (%) | 14 (41.2) | 102 (63.4) | 0.001# |
ABI* | 1 (0.75–1.3) | 0.95 (0.75–1.35) | 0.32# |
QTc | 431.5 ± 37.2 | 426.4 ± 31.6 | 0.41** |
IMT | 0.76 ± 0.19 | 0.91 ± 0.19 | 0.001** |
Waist to hip ratio | 0.81 ± 0.02 | 0.90 ± 0.08 | 0.001** |
Abdominal circumference | 83.8 ± 9.9 | 104.6 ± 12.3 | 0.001** |