Neurological signs as early determinants of dementia and predictors of mortality among older adults in Latin America: a 10/66 study using the NEUROEX assessment

Table 3 Confirmatory factor analysis

	NEUROEX items factor loadings	Cuba	Dominican Republic	Peru	Venezuela	Mexico	Across sites
Frontal signs	Pout reflex	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.4
	Glabellar reflex	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.4
	FPS sequencing	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.5
	Reciprocal sequencing	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5
Extrapyramidal signs	Tremor	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5
	Cogwheeling	0.5	0.3	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.5
	Rigidity	0.8	0.4	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.5
Cerebellar signs	Fine finger movement	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.6
	Dysdiadochokinesia speed	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7
	Dysdiadochokinesia coordination	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.5	0.7	0.7
Gait disturbance signs	Armswing	0.4	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6
	Gait –steps	0.5	0.6	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3
	Gait –time	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4
	Ataxia	0.7	0.5	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.7
	Bradykinesia	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
	Goodness of fit
	χ² (81)	531.0	480.5	418.0	323.6	291.0	1072.0
	TLI	0.91	0.90	0.95	0.95	0.93	0.94
	RMSEA	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.04
	AIC	58,147.3	40,061.3	51,287.9	35,137.0	41,058.3	216,584.0
	Measurement invariance model	Without constraints	With constraints	Difference
	χ²	1942.7	3342.3	χ² change		1399.7
	Df	405	449	df change		44
	TLI	0.92	0.89	p-value		p < 0.0001
	RMSEA	0.05	0.07
	AIC	200,452.1	289,429.0

Confirmatory factor analysis with four-factor solution on 70% of the data, derived from the exploratory factor analysis on randomly selected 30% of the data. Goodness of fit parameters and loading coefficients by country, pooled over countries, and test of measurement invariance over countries. AIC Akaike’s Information Criterion, FPS fist palm side, RSMA Root mean square error of approximation, TLI Tucker-Lewis index

ISSN: 1471-2377