Table 3 Hazard ratio for risk factors using variables selected by the LASSO method
Patient characteristics | Univariate Cox analyses | Variables selected by the LASSO method | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hazard Ratio | 95% CI | P value | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | P value | |
Age (years) | 1.04 | (1.03, 1.04) | < 0.001 | 1.04 | (1.03, 1.04) | < 0.001 |
Square root of age | 1.72 | (1.60, 1.84) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |
Age less than 65 indicator | 0.33 | (0.27, 0.41) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |
Index Diagnosis vs. Bipolar Disorder | ||||||
 Depressive Disorder | 0.95 | (0.78, 1.14) | 0.57 | 1.02 | (0.79, 1.32) | 0.88 |
 Schizophrenia | 1.96 | (1.67, 2.29) | < 0.001 | 1.99 | (1.57, 2.53) | < 0.001 |
Generation of Index AP vs. First generation | ||||||
 Multiple | 0.88 | (0.58, 1.33) | 0.54 | 0.80 | (0.52, 1.21) | 0.29 |
 Second generation | 0.72 | (0.59, 0.87) | < 0.001 | 0.85 | (0.70, 1.03) | 0.09 |
Dose (continuous effect for dose≤100 mg/day of chlorpromazine) | 1.91 | (1.38, 2.66) | < 0.001 | 1.65 | (1.17, 2.31) | < 0.01 |
Dose (continuous effect for dose> 100 mg/day of chlorpromazine) | 1.05 | (1.02, 1.08) | < 0.01 |  |  |  |
CCI | 1.06 | (1.00, 1.12) | < 0.05 |  |  |  |
Depressive disorders | 0.78 | (0.68, 0.89) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |
Bipolar and related disorders | 0.84 | (0.72, 0.97) | < 0.05 | 1.39 | (1.11, 1.75) | < 0.01 |
Dementia | 2.04 | (1.38, 3.01) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |
Diabetes | 1.52 | (1.29, 1.79) | < 0.001 | 1.13 | (0.96, 1.34) | 0.14 |
Number of EPS | 1.91 | (1.60, 2.29) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |
History of EPS | 2.37 | (1.88, 2.99) | < 0.001 | 1.35 | (0.74, 2.47) | 0.33 |
Parkinsonism | 4.29 | (1.38, 13.33) | < 0.05 | 1.43 | (0.44, 4.72) | 0.55 |
Bradykinesia | 2.48 | (1.92, 3.21) | < 0.001 | 1.44 | (0.77, 2.68) | 0.25 |
Tremors | 3.93 | (1.96, 7.89) | < 0.001 | 2.12 | (0.97, 4.60) | 0.06 |
Myoclonus | 4.27 | (1.07, 17.11) | < 0.05 | 2.33 | (0.56, 9.7) | 0.25 |