Table 3 Diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing CVD from VM
Diagnostic tool | Sensitivity, % (95% CI) | Specificity, % (95% CI) | Positive likelihood ratio (95% CI) | Negative likelihood ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical examinations | ||||
 Abnormal SVV deviationa | 74.1% (55.3–86.8%) | 91.7% (78.2–97.1%) | 8.9 (2.9–26.9) | 0.3 (0.1–0.5) |
 Focal neurological signs | 40.7% (24.5–59.3%) | 97.2% (85.8–99.5%) | 14.7 (2.0–106.8) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) |
 Nystagmus in room light | 33.3% (18.6–52.2%) | 100% (90.4–100%) | Undefinedb | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) |
Combination of three signsc | 92.6% (76.6–97.9%) | 88.9% (74.7–95.6%) | 8.3 (3.3–21.1) | 0.08 (0.02–0.3) |
 Head impulse test | 11.1% (3.9–28.1%) | 100% (90.4–100%) | Undefined | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) |
History | ||||
 ABCD2 | 51.9% (34.0–69.3%) | 94.4% (81.9–98.5%) | 9.3 (2.3–37.7) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) |
 No headache | 85.2% (67.5–94.1%) | 58.3% (42.2–72.9%) | 2 (1.3–3.1) | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) |
Combination of all the histories/tests above | 100% (87.5–100%) | 50% (34.5–65.5%) | 2 (1.4–2.8) | 0 |