Table 1 Study exclusion and inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|
- Idiopathic PD - Hoehn & Yahr [25] scores 2 to 3 - Stable dose of anti-Parkinson’s medication for approximately 3 weeks - ≥ 60 years of age - Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) [26] score ≥ 21 - Ambulate indoors without mobility aid - Balance impairments (≤27 on the Mini-BESTest) | - Any other existing disorder that may substantially influence balance performance, voice or speech performance or participation in the interventions - Having participated in an intensive exercise program for balance or speech during the last six months For imaging - Pacemakers, deep brain stimulators or other MRI incompatible implants - Claustrophobia - Unilateral or bilateral blindness - Inability to hear instructions without hearing aid - Severe states of: diplopia, tremor, dyskinesia or dystonia |