Table 1 Baseline characteristics comparing patients with DOAC and VKA pretreatment
DOAC pretreatment (N = 75) | VKA pretreatment (N = 61) | P | Confirmed therapeutic DOAC (N = 35) | Confirmed therapeutic VKA (N = 45) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical items | ||||||
Age (years) | 76 (67–82) | 81 (75–84) | 0.010 | 76 (68–83) | 80 (74–84) | 0.117 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.4 (22.9–29.4) | 25.8 (23.6–28.6) | 0.674 | 27.0 (23.1–30.0) | 25.7 (23.7–29.3) | 0.376 |
Sex (female) | 27/75 (36.0%) | 26/61 (42.6%) | 0.482 | 13/35 (37.1%) | 20/45 (44.4%) | 0.648 |
Preevent modified Rankin Scale | 0.5 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 0.306 | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 0.327 |
Onset | 0.398 | 0.407 | ||||
- Known | 34/75 (45.3%) | 36/61 (59.0%) | 18/35 (51.4%) | 29/45 (64.4%) | ||
- Wake-up | 14/75 (18.7%) | 7/61 (11.5%) | 6/35 (17.1%) | 4/45 (8.9%) | ||
- Unknown | 27/75 (36.0%) | 18/61 (29.5%) | 11/35 (31.4%) | 12/45 (26.7%) | ||
1st blood pressure, systolic | 160 (136–176) | 160 (146–182) | 0.318 | 156 (135–178) | 159 (143–176) | 0.446 |
1st blood pressure, diastolic | 79 (70–94) | 88 (73–100) | 0.089 | 78 (69–92) | 87 (72–99) | 0.145 |
1st Glucose (mmol/L) | 6.2 (5.5–7.4) | 6.5 (5.5–7.9) | 0.500 | 6.3 (5.7–7.7) | 6.6 (5.6–7.9) | 0.773 |
1st Cholesterol, total (mmol/L) | 4.4 (3.8–5.1) | 4.5 (4.0–5.3) | 0.244 | 4.5 (3.8–5.3) | 4.5 (3.8–5.2) | 0.848 |
1st Cholesterol, LDL (mmol/L) | 2.4 (1.9–3.2) | 2.4 (2.0–3.3) | 0.570 | 2.4 (1.9–3.3) | 2.4 (2.1–3.4) | 0.587 |
1st Creatinine (umol/L) | 87 (75–102) | 88 (72–105) | 0.666 | 89 (75–101) | 86 (70–107) | 0.809 |
NIHSS on admission | 3 (2–8) | 5 (1–10) | 0.697 | 4.5 (2–8.5) | 5 (1–12) | 0.996 |
Medication | ||||||
Additional Antiplatelet | 11/75 (14.7%) | 11/61 (18.3%) | 0.642 | 3/35 (8.6%) | 9/45 (20%) | 0.210 |
Lipid lowering drug | 31/75 (41.3%) | 26/61 (42.6%) | 0.661 | 16/35 (45.7%) | 22/45 (48.9%) | 0.824 |
Anticoagulation | ||||||
- Confirmed therapeutic | 35/75 (46.7%) | 45/61 (73.8%) | ||||
- Uncertain | 30/75 (40%) | 0 | ||||
- Confirmed non-therapeutic | 10/75 (13.3%) | 16/61 (26.2%) | ||||
Risk factors | ||||||
Previous stroke | 22/75 (29.3%) | 14/61 (23.0%) | 0.626 | 11/35 (31.4%) | 9/45 (20%) | 0.239 |
Previous transient ischemic attack | 8/75 (10.7%) | 7/61 (11.5%) | 0.913 | 6/35 (17.1%) | 6/45 (13.3%) | 0.454 |
Arterial Hypertension | 62/75 (82.7%) | 53/61 (86.9%) | 0.690 | 28/35 (90%) | 40/45 (88.9%) | 0.370 |
Diabetes | 15/75 (20.0%) | 13/61 (21.3%) | 0.957 | 7/35 (20%) | 9/45 (20%) | 0.984 |
Hyperlipidemia | 46/75 (61.3%) | 41/61 (67.2%) | 0.623 | 19/35 (54.3%) | 30/45 (66.7%) | 0.192 |
Smoking | 15/75 (20.0%) | 4/61 (6.6%) | 0.073 | 7/35 (20%) | 2/45 (4.4%) | 0.076 |
Heart failure | 11/75 (14.7%) | 15/61 (24.6%) | 0.328 | 5/35 (14.3%) | 11/45 (24.4%) | 0.296 |
Atrial Fibrillation | 52/75 (69.3%) | 41/61 (67.2%) | 0.617 | 23/35 (65.7%) | 31/45 (68.9%) | 0.764 |
Mechanical Heart Valve | 0 | 4/61 (6.6%) | 0.098 | 0 | 3/45 (6.7%) | 0.135 |
Low Ejection Fraction (< 30%) | 2/75 (2.7%) | 1/61 (1.6%) | 0.657 | 1/35 (2.9%) | 0 | 0.437 |
Peripheral artery disease | 8/75 (10.7%) | 4/61 (6.6%) | 0.677 | 3/35 (8.6%) | 4/45 (8.9%) | 0.983 |
Treatment | ||||||
Acute recanalization therapy | 0.905 | 0.464 | ||||
- Intravenous thrombolysis | 2/75 (2.7%) | 1/61 (1.6%) | 1/35 (2.9%) | 0 | ||
- Endovascular thrombectomy | 10/75 (13.3%) | 10/61 (16.4%) | 3/35 (8.6%) | 6/45 (13.3%) | ||
- Intraarterial thrombolysis | 1/75 (1.3%) | 1/61 (1.6%) | 0 | 1/45 (2.2%) | ||
Imaging | ||||||
Fazekas Score | 1 (0–2) | 2 (1–3) | < 0.001 | 1 (0–2) | 2 (1–3) | 0.014 |
Cerebral Microbleeds present | 28/72 (38.9%) | 27/57 (47.4%) | 0.373 | 16/33 (48.5%) | 22/42 (52.4%) | 0.818 |