Table 1 Characteristics of patients
ADD | MCI | NDC | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Number, n | 29 | 43 | 14 | - |
Gender (M:F), n | 9:20 | 15:28 | 3:11 | 0.641 |
Age (years), median (IQR) | 83.0 (80–87) | 79.0 (75–84) | 74.0 (72–78) | 0.002 a |
Hypertension, % | 51.7 | 41.9 | 35.7 | 0.557 |
Dyslipidemia, % | 24.1 | 30.2 | 28.6 | 0.851 |
Diabetes mellitus, % | 10.3 | 7.0 | 14.3 | 0.696 |
Number of medications, median (IQR) | 5.0 (1–6) | 4.0 (0–7) | 5.0 (3–7) | 0.490 |
Smoking, % | 0 | 0 | 7.1 | 0.074 |
Drinking, % | 24.1 | 11.6 | 14.3 | 0.361 |
Physical examinations, median (IQR) | ||||
Height (cm) | 150.1 (146–160) | 151.0 (147–161) | 151.5 (148–157) | 0.809 |
Weight (kg) | 50.6 (45–60) | 49.5 (45–58) | 55.2 (50–58) | 0.195 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.4 (20–25) | 21.5 (20–23) | 22.1 (21–25) | 0.150 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 134.0 (126–140) | 130.0 (128–140) | 134.0 (126–141) | 0.913 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.0 (72–80) | 74.0 (71–80) | 77.5 (73–86) | 0.195 |
Salivary secretion volume (mL/5 min) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 0.9 (0.2–1.4) | 0.819 |
Blood tests, median (IQR) | ||||
Total protein (g/dL), ref: 6.7–8.3 | 7.0 (6.6–7.4) | 6.9 (6.6–7.2) | 6.8 (6.6–7.3) | 0.698 |
Albumin (g/dL), ref: 3.8–5.2 | 4.0 (3.8–4.2) | 4.0 (3.8–4.2) | 4.1 (4.0–4.3) | 0.426 |
Zinc (μg/dL), ref: 64–111 | 65.0 (57–72) | 62.0 (55–72) | 63.0 (59–75) | 0.620 |
Cognitive test, median (IQR) | ||||
TDAS score | 18.0 (11–23) | 7.0 (5–12) | 1.0 (1–4) | <0.001 b |
Questionnaires, median (IQR) | ||||
Subjective gustatory function | 4.0 (4–4) | 4.0 (4–4) | 4.0 (4–4) | 0.891 |
Enjoyment of the meal | 4.0 (4–4) | 4.0 (3–4) | 4.0 (4–4) | 0.080 |
Deliciousness of the meal | 4.0 (4–4) | 4.0 (4–4) | 4.0 (4–4) | 0.254 |
Strength of flavor | 4.0 (4–4) | 4.0 (4–4) | 4.0 (4–4) | 0.443 |