Fig. 3

The comparison of levels of dysphagia recognized by V-VST and WST. All patients failed water test had a V-VST. Among them, 15 out of 52 were identified to have safe and effective swallowing capability. Eighteen had only impaired swallowing safety and 14 had only impaired swallowing effectiveness. Five had impaired swallowing safety and effectiveness. Patients with impaired safety or effectiveness received adjustment their food viscosity. V-VST, volume–viscosity swallow test; WST, water swallow test