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Table 3 Frequency of clinical symptoms in the selected 373 patients. 1Instability, dizziness, vertigo, etc. 2Blurred vision, phosphenes, scotomata, etc. 3Sensation of cold hands and/or feet, intolerance/unawareness of coldness/warmth. 4Incontinence/retention, urgency, frequency, etc. ALater during the analysis, grouped together as “Cognitive deterioration”. BLater during the analysis, grouped together as “Mood alterations”

From: The Filum disease and the Neuro-Cranio-vertebral syndrome: definition, clinical picture and imaging features

Symptom

Frequency

Percentage

1.

Headache

312

84

2.

Nausea and/or vomiting

182

49

3.

Balance alterations1

268

72

4.

Difficulty swallowing

141

38

5.

Visual alterations2

212

57

6.

Double vision

58

16

7.

Tinnitus

171

46

8.

Speech disordersA

92

25

9.

Memory deteriorationA

162

43

10.

Attention alterationA

143

38

11.

SadnessB

100

27

12.

AnxietyB

45

12

13.

NervousnessB

196

53

14.

Sleeplessness

181

49

15.

Fatigue

183

49

16.

Upper extremity pain

167

45

17.

Lower extremity pain

208

56

18.

Thoracic pain

81

22

19.

Cervical pain

268

72

20.

Thoracic back pain

243

65

21.

Lumbosacral pain

270

72

22.

Upper extremity numbness

110

30

23.

Lower extremity numbness

76

20

24.

Paresthesias

262

70

25.

Alterations of temperature perception3

146

39

26.

Cramps

44

12

27.

Upper extremity weakness

182

49

28.

Lower extremity weakness

175

47

29.

Sphincter alterations4

192

52

30.

Gait alteration

170

46