Table 2 Sarnat and Sarnat staging [43] of moderate or severe HIE
Category | Moderate HIE | Severe HIE |
|---|---|---|
1. Level of consciousness | Lethargy or obtunded | Stupor or Coma |
2. Spontaneous activity | Decreased | Absent |
3. Tone | Hypotonia | flaccidity |
4. Posture | Distal flexion | Decerebrate state |
5. Primitive reflexes | ||
 a. Suck | Weak or biting | Absent |
 b. Moro reflex | Incomplete | Absent |
6. Autonomic nervous system | ||
 a. Pupils | Constricted | Deviated, dilated, or nonreactive to light |
 b. Heart rate | Bradycardia | Variable heart rate |
 c. Respirations | Periodic breathing | Apnoea |
7. Seizures | Common, focal or multifocal | Absent or uncommon |
8. EEG activity | Low voltage changing to seizure activity | Burst suppression to isoelectric |