Table 2 Studies included in the systematic review (n = 31) [11, 12, 15,16,17,18, 29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53]
Reference | Study design | Geographical area | Sample size for oral DMD(s) studied | Study population | Outcomes evaluated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agashivala N, et al. BMC Neurol. 2013;13:138 | Retrospective administrative claims database evaluation | USA | Fingolimod (n = 248) | Patients with MS | Mean MPR and PDC; MPR ≥80%; PDC ≥80%; discontinuation rate |
mean age 46.4 (10.7) years; | |||||
79.0% female; | |||||
Al-Hashel J, et al. CNS Drugs. 2014;28:817–824a | Retrospective evaluation of patient MS registry | Kuwait | Fingolimod (n = 175) | Patients with RRMS | % discontinuation |
mean age 33.3 ± 9.2 years; | |||||
75.4% female | |||||
Bergvall N, et al. J Med Econ. 2014;17:696–707 | Retrospective administrative claims database evaluation | USA | Fingolimod (n = 889) | 889 patients (age range NS) with MS initiating fingolimod | MPR ≥80%; PDC ≥80%; discontinuation rate |
Braune S, et al. J Neurol. 2016;263:327–333 | Prospective, observational, multi-center cohort study | Germany | Fingolimod (n = 99) | Patients with RRMS (age range NS) with failure of earlier therapy with injectable DMT initiating fingolimod | Discontinuation rate |
Burks J, et al. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2017;9:251–260 | Retrospective administrative claims database study | USA | N = 1018 | Patients with MS (aged 18–65 years) initiating an oral DMD | Mean PDC; proportion of patients with PDC ≥80%; discontinuation rate |
Teriflunomide, fingolimod, DMF | |||||
mean age 44.41 (10.52); 72.1% female | |||||
Eriksson I, et al. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;74:219–226 | Prospective cohort which includes retrospective claims and other health-related data analysis | Stockholm county, Sweden | DMF (n = 400) | 400 patients with RRMS (age range NS) initiating DMF | Discontinuation rate |
Mean age ranged from 35.3–40.5 years | |||||
61% previously treated. | |||||
Ernst FR, et al. Curr Med Res Opin. 2017;33:2099-2106a | Retrospective medical chart review | USA | DMF (n = 307) | 307 patients (aged ≥18 years) with RRMS initiating DMF | Discontinuation rate |
Mean age 46.6 ± 11.8 years; | |||||
77.9% female; | |||||
Ferraro D, et al. Curr Med Res Opin. 2018;34:1803–1807 | Prospective observational cohort study | Italy | N = 258 | Patients with RRMS (age range NS) initiating oral DMD | Discontinuation rate |
Teriflunomide, DMF | |||||
mean age 43 years, | |||||
29.8% female | |||||
Frisell T, et al. Mult Scler. 2016;22:85–93 | Prospective, observational, multi-center cohort study | Sweden | Fingolimod (n = 876) | Patients with RRMS initiating fingolimod tx | Discontinuation rate |
mean (SD) age 38 (10) years; | |||||
67% females | |||||
Gerber B, et al. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017;18:218–224 | Retrospective administrative database evaluation | Alberta, Canada | N = 72 | 72 patients with MS (aged < 35–≥65 years) initiating an oral DMD | MPR ≥80%; discontinuation rate |
Fingolimod, teriflunomide, DMF | |||||
61.7% aged 35–55 years; | |||||
73.8% female | |||||
Granqvist M, et al. JAMA Neurol. 2018;75:320–327 | Retrospective medical chart review from MS registry | Sweden | N = 103 | Patients with RRMS initiating DMD tx | Discontinuation rate |
DMF (n = 86), fingolimod (n = 17) | The median (interquartile) age 34.4 (27.4–43.4) years; | ||||
68% female | |||||
He A, et al. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72:405–413 | Matched retrospective analysis of data collected prospectively from an international, observational cohort study | International | Fingolimod (n = 148) | Patients with MS (age range NS) switching to fingolimod tx | Discontinuation rate |
Hersh CM, et al. Int J Neurosci. 2015;125:678–685a | Retrospective, single-center medical chart review | Cleveland, OH, USA | Fingolimod (n = 306) | Patients with MS (age range NS) initiating fingolimod | Discontinuation rate |
3.5% treatment naïve and 24.0% had remote DMT use prior to fingolimod | |||||
Hersh CM, et al. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2017;3:2055217317715485a | Retrospective, single-center medical chart review | Cleveland, OH, USA | Fingolimod (n = 264), DMF (n = 396) | Patients with MS (age range NS) being treated with DMD for ≥1 year | Discontinuation rate |
Hersh CM, et al. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2016;10:44–52 | Retrospective, single-center medical chart review | Cleveland, USA | Fingolimod (n = 317), DMF (n = 458) | Patients with MS initiating DMD tx | Discontinuation rate |
mean age DMF 47.1 ± 11.2 years fingolimod 43.9 ± 9.2 years; | |||||
RRMS DMF 73.5% fingolimod 81.7% | |||||
Hua LH, et al. Mult Scler. 2018;1352458518765656a | Retrospective medical chart review | Cleveland, OH; Las Vegas, NV; Weston, FL, USA | Fingolimod (n = 10), DMF (n = 74), teriflunomide (n = 40) | Patients (aged over 60 years) with MS on DMD for ≥2 years | Discontinuation rate |
Johnson KM, et al. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2017;23:844–852 | Retrospective administrative claims database evaluation | USA | Fingolimod (n = 195), DMF (n = 1160), teriflunomide (n = 143) | Patients with MS (aged ≥18 years) initiating DMD tx | MPR, MPR ≥80%, mean PDC, PDC ≥80%, discontinuation rate |
Mean age range 44.4–53.2 years; 75.5–83.6% female | |||||
Lanzillo R, et al. J Neurol. 2018;265:1174–1183 | Retrospective medical chart review | Italy | N = 1312 | Patients with RRMS (age range NS) initiating oral DMD | Discontinuation rate |
Teriflunomide, DMF | |||||
mean age 40.0 (11.2) year | |||||
Lapierre Y, et al. Can J Neurol Sci. 2016;43:278–283a | Prospective, observational, multi-center cohort study | Canada | Fingolimod (n = 2399) | Patients with RRMS (age range NS) receiving fingolimod and participating in an education and support program | Discontinuation rate |
Mean age was 41.2 years (range 18–75.5); 75.2% were female. | |||||
Lattanzi S, et al. J Neurol. 2017;264:2325–2329 | Retrospective medical chart review | Italy | Fingolimod (n = 129), teriflunomide (n = 64), DMF (n = 114) | Patients with RRMS; | Discontinuation rate |
mean age was 41.2 (10.3) years, 66.5% female | |||||
Longbrake EE, et al. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2016;2a | Retrospective, single-center medical chart review | USA | Teriflunomide (n = 83), fingolimod (n = 92), DMF (n = 254) | Patients (age range NS) with relapsing forms of MS initiating oral DMD tx | Discontinuation rate |
mean age 39.8–49.4 years; 72.0–81.9% female | |||||
Munsell M, et al. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2016;11:55–62 | Retrospective administrative claims database evaluation | USA | N = 1175 | Patients with MS (aged 18–64 years) initiating an oral DMD; mean age 44.9 years; 76.2% female | Mean MPR; proportion of patients with MPR ≥80%; discontinuation rate |
Teriflunomide, fingolimod, DMF | |||||
Nazareth T, et al. BMC Neurol. 2016;16:187 | Retrospective medical chart review | USA | Teriflunomide (n = 31), fingolimod (n = 55), DMF (n = 65) | Patients with MS (aged ≥18 years) initiating DMF; | Discontinuation rate |
Age range (mean ± SD); 44.2 ± 10.7 to 50.6 ± 9.6 years. | |||||
Ontaneda D, et al. J Neurol Sci. 2012;323:167–172a | Retrospective, single-center medical chart review | Cleveland, OH, USA | Fingolimod (n = 317) | Patients with MS (age group NS) prescribed fingolimod | Discontinuation rate |
Smoot K, et al. Mult Scler. 2017;1,352,458,517,709,956 | Prospective registry at a single site | Oregon, USA | DMF (n = 417) | Patients (aged ≥18 years) with RMS initiating DMF tx; | Discontinuation rate |
mean age 49.4 ± 12.0 years | |||||
Vollmer B, et al. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2017;3:2055217317725102 | Retrospective, single-center medical chart review | Colorado, USA | Fingolimod (n = 271), DMF (n = 342) | Patients with MS (age range NS) initiating DMD tx; | Discontinuation rate |
mean age range 42.5–45.8 years; | |||||
69.6–72.0% female | |||||
Warrender-Sparkes M, et al. Mult Scler. 2016;22:520–532a | Prospective, observational multi-center cohort study | International | Fingolimod (n = 426) | Patients with CIS or early RRMS (age range NS) initiating fingolimod tx | Discontinuation rate |
Wicks P, et al. BMC Res Notes. 2016;9:434a | Online community patient survey | USA | Fingolimod (n = 93), DMF (n = 188) | Patients (aged ≥18 years) with RRMS with current or past experience of fingolimod or DMF tx | Discontinuation rate |
mean age 46.2–51.8 years; % female 77.0–93.8%; | |||||
Williams MJ, et al. Curr Med Res Opin. 2018;34:107–115 | Retrospective administrative claims database evaluation | USA | DMF (n = 133) | Patients (aged ≥18 years) with MS initiating DMD tx | Mean MPR; MPR ≥80%; mean PDC; PDC ≥80%; discontinuation rate |
Zhovtis Ryerson L, et al. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2016;9(6):454–461 | Retrospective medical chart review in 2 tertiary MS clinics | New York/New Jersey, USA | DMF (n = 382)b | Patients (aged ≥18 years) with RRMS initiating DMF | Discontinuation rate |
range across subgroups: mean age 42.5–47.4 years, 71–83% female | |||||
Zimmer A, et al. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2017;11:1815–1830a | Prospective, observational, single-center cohort study | Basel, Switzerland | Fingolimod (n = 98) | Patients with relapsing MS (aged ≥18 years) initiating fingolimod; | Discontinuation rate; % nonadherent (pill count) |
80% female |