Table 1 Manual for therapists enriched Music-Supported Therapy: Instruments and movements. This table provides information about the different movements that can be trained with each instrument. For sitting exercises the patient must be seated in a chair without armrests in a comfortable position with both knees and hip at 90°. For standing exercises the patient must be standing up having the chair at their back and with feet slightly separated

Tambourine with beater

Shoulder flexion/extension (shoulder at 90° and elbow at 0°)

Sitting/Standing

Position: Hold the tambourine with the unaffected extremity and the beater with the affected extremity. Both shoulders should be at 90° with the elbows at 0°.

Movement: Hit the tambourine with the beater trying to keep the elbow at 0° to produce movements of shoulder flexion and extension.

Shoulder internal/external rotation and elbow flexion/extension (elbow at 90°)

Sitting/Standing

Position: Hold the tambourine with the unaffected extremity and the beater with the affected extremity.

Movement: Hit the tambourine with the beater to produce movements of elbow flexion and extension.

Wrist flexion/extension (shoulder at 0° and elbow at 90°)

Sitting/Standing

Position: Hold the tambourine with the unaffected extremity and the beater with the affected extremity.

Movement: Hit the tambourine with the beater trying to keep the elbow at 90° to produce movements of wrist flexion and extension.

Tambourine

Shoulder abduction/adduction (elbow at 0°)

Standing

Position: Hold the tambourine with the affected extremity. Standing up, extremities should drop on either side of the body.

Movement: Hit the tambourine in the side of your leg trying to keep the elbow at 0° to produce movements of shoulder abduction/adduction.

Shoulder abduction/adduction (elbow at 0°)

Standing

Position: Hold the tambourine with the affected extremity. Standing up, extremities should drop on either side of the boy.

Movement: Hit the tambourine in the front of your leg trying to keep the elbow at 0° to produce movements of shoulder abduction/adduction.

Wrist flexion/extension (shoulder at 0° and elbow at 0°)

Standing

Position: Hold the tambourine with the affected extremity. Standing up, extremities should drop on either side of the body.

Movement: Hit the tambourine in the side of your leg trying to keep the elbow at 0° to produce movements of wrist flexion/extension.

Forearm supination/pronation (shoulder at 0° and elbow at 90°)

Sitting/Standing

Position: Hold the tambourine with the affected extremity. The shoulder should be at 0° and elbow at 90°.

Movement: Turn your forearm up and down trying to keep the elbow at 90°.

Forearm supination/pronation (shoulder at 90° and elbow at 0°)

Sitting/Standing

Position: Hold the tambourine with the affected extremity. Hold the tambourine with the affected extremity. The shoulder should be at 90° and elbow at 0°.

Movement: Turn your forearm up and down trying to keep the elbow at 0°.

Maracas

Elbow flexion/extension (shoulder at 0°)

Sitting/Standing

Position: Hold a maraca with the affected extremity.

Movement: Starting with the elbow at 90°, shake the maraca to produce movements of elbow flexion and extension.

Wrist flexion/extension (shoulder at 0° and elbow at 90°)

Sitting/Standing

Position: Hold a maraca with the affected extremity.

Movement: Shake the maraca to produce movements of wrist flexion and extension trying to keep the elbow at 90°.

Güiro

Elbow flexion/extension (no gravity)

Sitting

Position: Hold the güiro with the unaffected extremity and the stick with the affected extremity. The güiro can rest over the knees and both elbows should be at 0° of flexion.

Movement: Rub the sick along the notches of the güiro.

Rainstick

Forearm supination/pronation (shoulder at 90° and elbow at 0°)

Sitting/Standing

Position: Hold the rainstick with the affected extremity. The shoulder should be at 90° with the elbow at 0°.

Movement: Turn your forearm up and down.

Egg Shaker

Elbow flexion/extension (shoulder at 0°)

Sitting/Standing

Position: Hold the egg shaker with the affected extremity. The shoulder should be at 0° and the elbow at 90°.

Movement: Starting with the elbow at 90°, shake the egg to produce movements of elbow flexion and extension.

Elbow flexion/extension (no gravity)

Sitting/Standing

Position: Hold the egg shaker with the affected extremity.

Movement: Shake the egg side to side.

Wrist flexion/extension (shoulder at 0° and elbow at 90°)

Sitting/Standing

Position: Hold the egg shaker with the affected extremity. The shoulder should be at 0° and the elbow at 90°.

Movement: Shake the egg up and down trying to keep the elbow at 90° to produce movements of wrist flexion and extension.

Castanets

Fingers mass flexion/extension (shoulder at 0° and elbow at 90°)

Sitting

Position: Hold a castanet with the affected extremity, leaving the castanet resting on the palm. The elbow should be at 90° of flexion and shoulder at 0° of flexion.

Movement: Press the castanet with the fingers to produce movements of finger mass flexion and extension.

Djembe

Wrist flexion/extension (shoulder at 0° and elbow at 90°)

Sitting

Position: Hold the djembe with the nonaffected extremity and lean it between your knees. The shoulder should be at 0° and the elbow at 90°.

Movement: Hit the djembe with the affected hand trying to keep the elbow at 90° to produce movements of wrist flexion and extension.

Elbow flexion/extension (shoulder at 0° and elbow at 90°)

Sitting

Position: Hold the djembe with the nonaffected extremity and lean it between your knees. The shoulder should be at 0° and the elbow at 90°.

Movement: Hit the djembe with the affected hand trying to shoulder at 0° to produce movements of elbow flexion and extension.