Trait mindfulness is primarily associated with depression and not with fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS): implications for mindfulness-based interventions

Table 1 Sample description

Demographics	Statistic
N (male/female)	18/51
Age (M, SD)	40.10, 10.85
Clinical characteristics
MS type (N: RRMS, SPMS, PPMS)	69, 0, 0
Disability level (EDSS: median, range)	2, 0–4
Years since diagnosis (M, SD)	7.07, 5.97
Disease modifying therapy (N: yes, no)	59, 10
Self-report measures
Depression (CES-D; M, SD)	13.46, 9.46
Depression (CES-D; N: yes, no)^a	11, 58
Physical fatigue (WEIMuS; M, SD)	11.41, 8.72
Physical fatigue (N: yes, no)^a	23, 46
Cognitive fatigue (WEIMuS; M, SD)	10.28, 8.91
Cognitive fatigue (N: yes, no)^a	22, 47
Mindfulness (FMI; M, SD)	24.86, 6.44

CES-D Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, EDSS Expanded Disability Status Scale, FMI Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, M mean, PPMS primary progressive MS, RRMS relapsing remitting MS, SD standard deviation, SPMS secondary progressive MS, WEIMuS Wuerzburger Fatigue Inventory for Multiple Sclerosis; ^apresence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms and fatigue based on respective cut-off scores of the CES-D and WEIMuS, see self-report measures for details

ISSN: 1471-2377