Crossed brainstem syndrome revealing bleeding brainstem cavernous malformation: an illustrative case

Beucler, Nathan; Boissonneau, Sébastien; Ruf, Aurélia; Fuentes, Stéphane; Carron, Romain; Dufour, Henry

doi:10.1186/s12883-021-02223-7

BMC Neurology

Table 1 Medline based literature review on the five most common crossed brainstem syndromes

From: Crossed brainstem syndrome revealing bleeding brainstem cavernous malformation: an illustrative case

Region	Midbrain						Pons						Medulla oblongata
Crossed brainstem syndrome	Benedikt syndrome (Paramedian midbrain syndrome)			Weber syndrome (Superior alternating hemiplegia)			Foville syndrome (Inferior medial pontine syndrome)			Millard-Gubler syndrome (Ventral pontine syndrome)			Wallenberg syndrome (Lateral medullary syndrome)
Ipsilateral symptoms	CN III			CN III			CN VI and VII			CN VII			CN V, VIII, IX, Horner’s sd, cerebellar sd
Contralateral symptoms	cerebellar ataxia, hemiparesis, hyperactive reflexes			hemiparesis			hemiparesis and hemianesthesia sparing the face			hemiparesis and hemianesthesia sparing the face			thermoalgesic anesthesia
	Year author	age	Etiology	Year author	age	Etiology	Year author	age	Etiology	Year author	age	Etiology	Year author	age	Etiology
	1889 Benedikt			1863 Weber	52	Hemorrhage	1859 Foville			1856 Millard			1895 Wallenberg
	1974 Fujieda	44	Stroke	2014 Ballaekere	62	Encephalitis (HSV)	1939 Mutch		Stroke	1856 Gubler			1982 Amantini	70	Stroke
	1981 Loseke	52	Brain metastasis	2018 Parija	28	Brain abscess (tuberculosis)	1943 Freeman	25		1993 Matlis	76	Stroke	1984 Dhamoon	78	Stroke
	1992 Mateos	60	Stroke					60	Hemorrhage (autopsy)	1993 Yasuda	60	Stroke	1999 Rousseaux	56	Stroke
	1994 Ono	26	Multiloculated cyst					70	Probable hemorrhage	2005 Onbas	56	Stroke		60	Stroke
	1995 Duncan	51	Stroke				1957 Melkild	48	Hemorrhage (pheochromocytoma)	2010 Rose	45	Stroke (infectious thrombosis)	2000 Faust	49	Stroke (Wegener vasculitis)
	1997 Borras	64	Hemorrhage (after stereotactic biopsy)				1958 Leslie	76	Cerebellar tumor	2011 Kesikburun	27	Hemorrhage (BCM)	2000 Miyazaki	52	Displaced occipital condyle fracture
	1999 Fernandez	38	Hemorrhage (after CN V vascular decompression)				1981 Takase	48	Stroke (basilar aneurysm clipping)	2012 Prasad	7	Abscess (neurocysticercosis)	2004 Hipps	48	Stroke
	2005 Akdal	53	Stroke				1996 Hubloue	74	Transient ischemic attack	2013 Ahdab	63	Stroke	2004 Kim	44	Stroke
	2008 Bandt	55	Stroke				2000 Sato	88	Hemorrhage (hypertension)	2019 Ceballos	58	Stroke	2005 Nomoto	44	Stroke
	2011 Sturiale	38	Enlarged Virchow-Robin spaces				2009 Nakaso	61	Hemorrhage (BCM)	2019 Li	49	Stroke	2008 Zhang	44	Stroke
	2013 Maduri	49	Hemorrhage (BCM)				2013 Cheng		Hemorrhage				2009 Porta-Etessam	61	Stroke
	2015 Koskela		Unruptured aneurysm				2014 Canepa		Stroke (vertebral dissection)				2009 Qiu	52	Multiple sclerosis
	2018 Yamanaka	66	Stroke (basilar aneurysm clipping)				2015 Man	44	Brain metastasis				2009 Seo	56	Stroke
	2018 Cheng	16	Hemorrhage (BCM)				2016 Massi	20	Hemorrhage				2009 Yeh	38	Stroke (traumatic vertebral artery dissection)
							2016 Selvadurai	68	Hemorrhage (telangiectasia)				2009 Zabaleta	53	Stroke
													2012 Zhu	60	Stroke
													2013 Stengl	73	Stroke (Horton giant cell arteritis)
													2013 Ueda	48	Hemorrhage (multiple BCM)
														72	Hemorrhage (antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy)
													2014 Wu	43	Stroke
													2015 Koskela		Unruptured aneurysm
													2015 Das	86	Stroke
													2015 Ehresmann	7	Stroke
													2015 Louis	30	Stroke (2 weeks post-partum)
													2015 Ospino Quiroz	48	Stroke
													2018 Kornbluh	14	Stroke
													2018 Oks	58	Stroke (sarcoidosis)
													2018 Sivakumar	62	Stroke (PICA aneurysm clipping)

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