Fig. 2

Algorithm of diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis using a clinical approach and neuroglial surface autoantibody testing. Patients presenting with encephalitis were classified as ‘possible’ and ‘probable’ AE based on Graus criteria [10]. CSF was tested first. Serum was tested only in those without detectable antibodies in CSF. None were seropositive. AE = autoimmune encephalitis; NMDARE = N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody encephalitis; LE = limbic encephalitis