Table 1 Baseline characteristics of hemispheres with and without postoperative complications
From: Risk factors for postoperative ischemic complications in pediatric moyamoya disease
Characteristics | Total (n = 533) | Postop Complications | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (n = 51) | Absent (n = 482) | |||
Mean age at op (yrs) | 9.6 ± 3.7 | 10.9 ± 4.1 | 9.5 ± 3.6 | 0.008 |
Sex, female/male ratio | 272/261 | 27/24 | 245/237 | 0.774 |
Clinical presentation | ||||
Ischemic | 366 (68.7) | 31 (60.8) | 335 (69.5) | 0.429 |
Infarction | 132 (24.8) | 12 (23.5) | 120 (24.9) | |
TIA | 234 (43.9) | 19 (37.3) | 215 (44.6) | |
Hemorrhagic | 28 (5.3) | 3 (5.9) | 25 (5.2) | |
Nonspecific | 139 (26.1) | 17 (33.3) | 122 (25.3) | |
Headache | 38 (7.1) | 6 (11.8) | 32 (6.6) | |
Epilepsy | 38 (7.1) | 5 (9.8) | 33 (6.8) | |
Asymptomatic | 63 (11.8) | 6 (11.8) | 57 (11.8) | |
Admission mRS score | ||||
Mean | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 0.260 |
0–1 | 371 (69.6) | 31 (60.8) | 340 (70.5) | 0.150 |
2–5 | 162 (30.4) | 20 (39.2) | 142 (29.5) | |
Past medical history | ||||
Family history | 38 (7.1) | 4 (7.8) | 34 (7.1) | 1.000 |
Hypertension | 7 (1.3) | 1 (2.0) | 6 (1.2) | 1.000 |
Thyroid disease | 4 (0.8) | 1 (2.0) | 3 (0.6) | 0.841 |
Hyperlipidemia | 3 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.6) | 1.000 |
Smoking & Alcohol use | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.4) | 1.000 |
Diabetes | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 1.000 |
Suzuki stagea | ||||
Mean | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 0.238 |
1 | 12 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (2.7) | 0.268 |
2 | 154 (31.1) | 14 (29.2) | 140 (31.3) | |
3 | 216 (43.6) | 20 (41.7) | 196 (43.8) | |
4 | 96 (19.4) | 12 (25.0) | 84 (18.8) | |
5 | 17 (3.4) | 2 (4.2) | 15 (3.4) | |
PCA involvementa | 116 (23.4) | 18 (37.5) | 98 (21.9) | 0.015 |
Collateral circulationa | ||||
Mean | 7.0 ± 1.8 | 6.3 ± 2.1 | 7.0 ± 1.8 | 0.019 |
Grade I (0–4) | 54 (10.9) | 12 (25.0) | 42 (9.4) | |
Grade II (5–8) | 342 (69.1) | 26 (54.2) | 316 (70.7) | |
Grade III (9–12) | 99 (20.0) | 10 (20.8) | 89 (19.9) | |
ECA collaterala | ||||
STA collateral | 4 (0.8) | 1 (2.1) | 3 (0.7) | 0.849 |
MMA collateral | 197 (39.8) | 21 (43.8) | 176 (39.4) | 0.556 |
OA collateral | 29 (5.9) | 4 (8.3) | 25 (5.6) | 0.656 |
Surgical modalities | ||||
Indirect bypass | 447 (83.9) | 40 (78.4) | 407 (84.4) | 0.540 |
Direct bypass | 70 (13.1) | 9 (17.6) | 61 (12.7) | |
Combined bypass | 16 (3.0) | 2 (3.9) | 14 (2.9) | |
Mean LOS (days) | 15 (13–18) | 20.0 ± 8.8 | 15.3 ± 3.8 | 0.000 |
Discharge mRS score | ||||
Mean | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 0.000 |
0–1 | 378 (70.9) | 22 (43.1) | 356 (73.9) | 0.000 |
2–5 | 155 (29.1) | 29 (56.9) | 126 (26.1) | |