Fig. 4

Severity of bowel and bladder dysfunction for each disability level (n = 2009). Category descriptions: normal; mild dysfunction (mild hesitancy, urgency and/or constipation); moderate dysfunction (moderate urinary hesitancy/. retention/urgency/ incontinence and/or must wear pads or alter lifestyle because of bowel dysfunction); severe . dysfunction (frequent urinary incontinence or intermittent self-catheterization, needs enemata or manual measures . to evacuate bowels); lost bowel or bladder function; lost bowel and bladder function. PDDS, patient determined disease steps