Table 1 Summary of investigations
From: A case report of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine–associated encephalitis
Investigation | Result |
|---|---|
Microbiology and virology | |
SARS-CoV-2 PCR (multiple) | Negative |
Extended respiratory viral PCR a | Negative |
Urine microscopy & culture | Negative |
HIV-1/-2 serology (serum) | Negative |
Hepatitis B & C serology (serum) | Negative |
Syphilis serology (serum) | Negative |
Measles, mumps, rubella serology (serum) | Immune |
Cryptococcal antigen (serum) | Negative |
Stool norovirus & enterovirus PCR | Negative |
Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme) serology (serum) | Negative |
Leptospira spp. IgG & IgM (EIA) (serum) | Negative |
Tick borne encephalitis virus IgG (IF) (serum) | Negative |
West Nile Virus IgG & IgM (ELISA) (serum) | Negative |
Urinary tests | |
Urinary porphyrins | Negative |
Urinary drugs of abuseb | Negative |
Serum | |
B12, folate, TSH | Normal |
Vitamin D | Deficient (31 nmol/L), replaced to 68 nmol/L |
ANA, ENAc | Negative |
Rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP Ab | Negative |
Anti-cardiolipin Ab, dsDNA Ab | Negative |
Anti-GAD Ab | Negative |
Anti-VGCC Ab | Negative |
Anti-CASPR2 Ab | Negative |
Anti-LG-1 Ab | Negative |
DPPX immunoglobulins | Negative |
Anti-neuronal Ab panel (Hu, Ri,GAD, amphiphysin, CV2, Ma1, Ma2, SOX-1, Tr-DNER)d | Negative |
Anti-NMDA receptor Ab | Negative |
Anti-GABA-A/-B Ab | Negative |
Anti-AMPA Ab | Negative |
Aquaporin-4 Ab | Negative |
Anti-MOG Ab | Negative |
Serum oligoclonal bands (paired) | Negative (CSF positive) |
CSF | |
HSV type I & II DNA | Negative |
VZV DNA | Negative |
Enterovirus RNA | Negative |
CMV DNA | Negative |
EBV DNA | Negative |
HHV-6 DNA | Negative |
AAFB microscopy/culture & TB PCR | Negative |
Anti-NMDA receptor Ab | Negative |
Anti-LG-1 Ab | Negative |
Anti-CASPR2 Ab | Negative |
CSF oligoclonal bands (paired) | Positive (IgG band) (serum negative) |
Immunophenotyping | Not performed (normal WCC on third CSF sample) |