Cerebral small vessel disease, cardiovascular risk factors, and future walking speed in old age: a population-based cohort study

Table 2 Individual and combined cerebral small vessel disease markers and incident walking speed limitation (n = 331)

cSVD markers		No. of	No. of	Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
cSVD markers		subjects	cases	Model 1^a	Model 2^a
WMH volume, continuous		331	76	1.38 (1.15-1.66)	1.40 (1.11-1.76)
WMH volume	1st Tertile	118	17	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)
	2nd Tertile	126	27	1.31 (0.71-2.41)	1.70 (0.77-3.79)
	3rd Tertile	87	32	2.35 (1.30-4.25)	2.78 (1.31-5.89)
	P for trend			0.003	0.01
Lacunes	No	294	61	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)
	Yes	37	15	1.81 (1.02-3.21)	1.43 (0.70-2.92)
PVS score, continuous		331	76	1.02 (0.97-1.08)	1.08 (1.01-1.15)
PVS score	1st Tertile	103	21	1.00 (ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)
	2nd Tertile	121	26	0.81 (0.45-1.44)	1.15 (0.57-2.32)
	3rd Tertile	107	29	1.21 (0.69-2.13)	2.13 (1.04-4.36)
	P for trend			0.45	0.04
cSVD burden, continuous		331	76	1.62 (1.21-2.16)	1.95 (1.31-2.89)
cSVD burden	0	159	21	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)
	1	118	36	2.36 (1.38-4.05)	2.34 (1.20-4.58)
	2 or 3	54	19	2.58 (1.38-4.81)	3.78 (1.70-8.45)
	P for trend			0.001	0.001

^a Model 1: unadjusted; Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, education, the Mini-Mental State Examination score, cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., physical inactivity, heavy alcohol consumption, smoking, hypertension, body mass index, cholesterol, diabetes), C-reactive protein, number of chronic diseases, and cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases
cSVD cerebral small vessel disease, WMH white matter hyperintensities, PVS perivascular spaces

ISSN: 1471-2377