Table 2 Risk of COVID-19 among individuals with neurodegenerative diseases, compared to individuals without such condition, an analysis of UK Biobank data

 Female

347/1230 (28.2)

9082/50369 (18.0)

2.81 (2.46–3.21)

164/1230 (13.3)

2519/50369 (5.0)

2.46 (2.06–2.93)

76/1230 (6.2)

355/50369 (0.7)

4.27 (3.26–5.59)

 Male

371/1387 (26.7)

8138/43289 (18.8)

2.20 (1.94–2.50)

215/1387 (15.5)

2851/43289 (6.6)

1.99 (1.70–2.33)

119/1387 (8.6)

631/43289 (1.5)

3.37 (2.72–4.17)

  ≤ 66

50/187 (26.7)

8736/30254 (28.9)

1.05 (0.76–1.47)

28/187 (15.0)

1776/30254 (5.9)

2.06 (1.36–3.14)

7/187 (3.7)

87/30254 (0.3)

4.01 (1.63–9.89)

 67–75

95/436 (21.8)

4046/26367 (15.3)

1.44 (1.14–1.82)

47/436 (10.8)

1287/26367 (4.9)

1.59 (1.15–2.19)

20/436 (4.6)

219/26367 (0.8)

3.13 (1.91–5.15)

  ≥ 76

573/1994 (28.7)

4438/37037 (12.0)

2.73 (2.46–3.03)

304/1994 (15.2)

2307/37037 (6.2)

2.25 (1.97–2.57)

168/1994 (8.4)

680/37037 (1.8)

4.03 (3.36–4.83)

  < 24.9

182/696 (26.1)

4424/27367 (16.2)

3.09 (2.58–3.71)

91/696 (13.1)

1029/27367 (3.8)

3.14 (2.47–3.99)

52/696 (7.5)

130/27367 (0.5)

7.41 (5.21–10.54)

 25.0–29.9

317/1082 (29.3)

7203/39782 (18.1)

2.85 (2.48–3.27)

161/1082 (14.9)

2155/39782 (5.4)

2.46 (2.06–2.95)

90/1082 (8.3)

372/39782 (0.9)

4.91 (3.82–6.31)

  ≥ 30

208/797 (26.1)

5447/25885 (21.0)

1.77 (1.50–2.09)

120/797 (15.1)

2120/25885 (8.2)

1.57 (1.28–1.93)

50/797 (6.3)

462/25885 (1.8)

1.88 (1.37–2.57)

 Never

325/1287 (25.3)

9076/48823 (18.6)

2.43 (2.12–2.78)

162/1287 (12.6)

2460/48823 (5.0)

2.33 (1.95–2.78)

79/1287 (6.1)

358/48823 (0.7)

4.05 (3.11–5.27)

 Ever

381/1296 (29.4)

8033/44200 (18.2)

2.51 (2.21–2.85)

211/1296 (16.3)

2857/44200 (6.5)

2.09 (1.78–2.45)

115/1296 (8.9)

613/44200 (1.4)

3.57 (2.87–4.44)

 Never

48/176 (27.3)

1072/4420 (24.3)

1.75 (1.22–2.51)

30/176 (17.0)

381/4420 (8.6)

1.81 (1.18–2.78)

6/176 (3.4)

79/4420 (1.8)

0.99 (0.41–2.36)

 Previous

63/182 (34.6)

693/3534 (19.6)

2.34 (1.68–3.24)

41/182 (22.5)

315/3534 (8.9)

2.13 (1.45–3.14)

20/182 (11.0)

72/3534 (2.0)

3.58 (2.05–6.24)

 Current

602/2237 (26.9)

15,385/85364 (18.0)

2.55 (2.31–2.82)

305/2237 (13.6)

4643/85364 (5.4)

2.23 (1.96–2.54)

168/2237 (7.5)

824/85364 (1.0)

4.15 (3.47–4.98)

  < 18,000

279/909 (30.7)

3501/18534 (18.9)

2.44 (2.10–2.84)

158/909 (17.4)

1490/18534 (8.0)

2.11 (1.75–2.54)

75/909 (8.3)

368/18534 (2.0)

3.05 (2.33–3.99)

 18,000-51,999

197/846 (23.3)

7597/40269 (18.9)

2.28 (1.93–2.70)

94/846 (11.1)

2120/40269 (5.3)

2.21 (1.77–2.77)

52/846 (6.1)

335/40269 (0.8)

4.44 (3.25–6.07)

  > 52,000

45/218 (20.6)

3560/20178 (17.6)

2.13 (1.52–3.00)

15/218 (6.9)

761/20178 (3.8)

1.84 (1.07–3.16)

15/218 (6.9)

81/20178 (0.4)

8.61 (4.69–15.78)

 University degree

115/544 (21.1)

4307/28109 (15.3)

2.38 (1.92–2.96)

66/544 (12.1)

1170/28109 (4.2)

2.76 (2.10–3.64)

32/544 (5.9)

186/28109 (0.7)

4.70 (3.14–7.04)

 Without University degree

290/1106 (26.2)

9310/46981 (19.8)

2.45 (2.13–2.83)

139/1106 (12.6)

2639/46981 (5.6)

2.21 (1.83–2.67)

81/1106 (7.3)

413/46981 (0.9)

4.59 (3.55–5.95)

 0

184/678 (27.1)

10,422/51302 (20.3)

2.59 (2.17–3.09)

80/678 (11.8)

2264/51302 (4.4)

3.17 (2.49–4.05)

46/678 (6.8)

238/51302 (0.5)

8.21 (5.82–11.57)

 1

122/485 (25.2)

2760/15181 (18.2)

2.21 (1.78–2.75)

59/485 (12.2)

933/15181 (6.1)

2.22 (1.67–2.96)

31/485 (6.4)

157/15181 (1.0)

4.81 (3.18–7.28)

  ≥ 2

412/1454 (28.3)

4038/27175 (14.9)

2.33 (2.06–2.64)

240/1454 (16.5)

2173/27175 (8.0)

1.90 (1.64–2.21)

118/1454 (8.1)

591/27175 (2.2)

2.85 (2.30–3.52)

 Before April 26th 2020

162/258 (62.8)

1218/2353 (51.8)

1.49 (1.13–1.97)

106/258 (41.1)

1030/2353 (43.8)

0.77 (0.59–1.02)

87/258 (33.7)

295/2353 (12.5)

2.19 (1.61–2.97)

 April 27th 2020 to July 6th 2020

101/427 (23.7)

630/7456 (8.4)

4.00 (3.11–5.15)

47/427 (11.0)

325/7456 (4.4)

2.42 (1.73–3.39)

20/427 (4.7)

58/7456 (0.8)

4.02 (2.33–6.93)

 July 7th 2020 to Dec 16th 2020

226/1040 (21.7)

7060/35252 (20.0)

1.72 (1.47–2.01)

117/1040 (11.2)

1874/35252 (5.3)

1.85 (1.50–2.27)

41/1040 (3.9)

277/35252 (0.8)

2.46 (1.74–3.49)

 Dec 17th 2020 onward

229/892 (25.7)

8312/48597 (17.1)

2.52 (2.15–2.96)

109/892 (12.2)

2141/48597 (4.4)

2.27 (1.83–2.82)

47/892 (5.3)

356/48597 (0.7)

3.42 (2.47–4.75)