Table 2 Baseline characteristics
Intervention (n = 65) | Control (n = 65) | |
|---|---|---|
Age (years), m ± SD | 62.8 ± 10.3 | 65.1 ± 11.2 |
Gender; female, n (%) | 51 (78.5) | 42 (64.6) |
Ethnicity, n (%) | ||
Indian | 6 (9.2) | 10 (15.4) |
Pakistani | – | 2 (3.1) |
Other Asian background | 4 (6.2) | – |
White British | 43 (66.2) | 40 (61.5) |
White Irish | 1 (1.5) | 3 (4.6) |
Other White background | 3 (4.6) | – |
Black Caribbean | 2 (3.1) | 3 (4.6) |
Black African | 3 (4.6) | 1 (1.5) |
Other Black background | 2 (3.1) | – |
Chinese | 1 (1.5) | 3 (4.6) |
Other ethnic group | – | 3 (4.6) |
Years in education, m ± SD | 13.1 ± 3.3 | 12.7 ± 3.1 |
Employment status, n (%) | ||
Paid employment | 22 (33.8) | 21 (32.3) |
Voluntary work | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.5) |
Unemployed | 1 (1.5) | 4 (6.2) |
Student | 1 (1.5) | – |
Full time homemaker | 1 (1.5) | 4 (6.2) |
Retired | 32 (49.2) | 30 (46.2) |
Exempt through disability | 3 (4.6) | 2 (3.1) |
Other | 3 (4.6) | 2 (3.1) |
Qualifications, n (%) | ||
GCSE /O Level/equivalent | 13 (20) | 18 (27.7) |
A Level/equivalent | 6 (9.2) | 4 (6.2) |
HNC/HND/equivalent | 5 (7.7) | 2 (3.1) |
Degree/equivalent | 19 (29.2) | 14 (21.5) |
Postgraduate | 8 (12.3) | 7 (10.8) |
Diagnosis, n (%) | ||
BEB | 43 (66.2) | 34 (52.3) |
HFS | 22 (33.8) | 31 (47.7) |
Disease duration (years), m ± SD | 11.0 ± 6.7 | 13.8 ± 9.8 |
Duration of botulinum toxin type A (months), m ± SD | 72.4 ± 67.0 | 90.8 ± 76.5 |
Number of previous cycles, m ± SD | 19.5 ± 19.3 | 23.8 ± 23.1 |
Last dose of botulinum toxin type A (units), m ± SD | 64.8 ± 60.6 | 69.8 ± 66.2 |
Usual time between treatments (months), m ± SD | 3.2 ± 1.4 | 3.1 ± 0.9 |
Side effects from previous treatment, n (%) | ||
Ptosis | 15 (23.1) | 12 (18.5) |
Diplopia | 7 (10.8) | 7 (10.8) |
Tearing | 5 (7.7) | 8 (12.3) |
Hematoma | 4 (6.2) | 5 (7.7) |
Foreign body sensation | 3 (4.6) | 7 (10.8) |
Blurred vision | 4 (6.2) | 8 (10.8) |
Presence of comorbidities, n (%) | 21 (32.3) | 17 (26.2) |
Disease activity, m ± SD | 2.94 ± 2.6 | 2.74 ± 2.4 |
Functional disability, m ± SD | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 0.1 |
Quality of life - Overall, m ± SD | 28.0 ± 20.4 | 28.5 ± 21.3 |
Quality of life - Activities of daily living, m ± SD | 36.3 ± 24.3 | 36.7 ± 28.0 |
Quality of life - Emotional well-being, m ± SD | 25.3 ± 22.2 | 23.7 ± 22.1 |
Quality of life - Pain, m ± SD | 8.8 ± 11.8 | 8.43 ± 11.6 |
Quality of life - Social/family life, m ± SD | 9.7 ± 12.8 | 11.90 ± 15.6 |
Quality of life - Stigma, m ± SD | 37.0 ± 30.5 | 37.7 ± 26.7 |
Satisfaction with care, m ± SD | 23.8 ± 10.9 | 23.8 ± 10.7 |
Anxiety, m ± SD | 6.8 ± 4.3 | 6.4 ± 4.8 |
Depression, m ± SD | 5.3 ± 4.1 | 5.19 ± 4.4 |
Confidence in the service, m ± SD | 7.3 ± 2.5 | 6.8 ± 3.2 |