Table 2 Relation between PDPH and different parameters (n = 285)

Age (years)

 Mean ± SD

34.8 ± 11.3

28.3 ± 11.5

U = 5367.50 ^*

 < 0.001 ^*

 Median (Min. – Max.)

33 (12 – 75)

26 (13 – 69)

Gender

 Male

51 (25.4%)

9 (10.7%)

x²=7.659 ^*

0.006 ^*

 Female

150 (74.6%)

75 (89.3%)

BMI (kg/m²)

 Mean ± SD

36.6 ± 44.4

26.2 ± 3.9

U = 2506.50 ^*

 < 0.001 ^*

 Median (Min. – Max.)

33.6 (23.6 – 657)

24.7 (21– 38.5)

Diagnosis

 IIH

96 (47.8%)

43 (51.2%)

x²=0.279

x²=8.207 ^*

x²=6.530 ^*

x²=0.018

x²=3.884

x²=1.267

x²=2.401

x²=0.220

x²=9.708 ^*

0.597

^FEp = 0.009 ^*

0.011 ^*

0.895

^FEp = 0.042 ^*

^FEp = 0.558

^FEp = 0.295

^FEp = 1.000

^FEp = 0.007 ^*

 Optic neuritis

2 (1%)

6 (7.1%)

 Peripheral neuropathy

24 (11.9%)

2 (2.4%)

 Demyelinating disease

63 (31.3%)

27 (32.1%)

 SMA

9 (4.6%)

0 (0%)

 Autoimmune encephalitis

3 (1.5%)

0 (0%)

 CNS infection

0 (0%)

1 (1.2%)

 Dementia

4 (2%)

1 (1.2%)

 CVT

0 (0%)

4 (4.8%)

Pre-LP headache

 No

188 (93.5%)

24 (28.6%)

x²=131.210 ^*

 < 0.001 ^*

 Yes

13 (6.5%)

60 (71.4%)

History of previous PDPH

 No

196 (97.5%)

65 (77.4%)

x²=31.133 ^*

 < 0.001 ^*

 Yes

5 (2.5%)

19 (22.6%)

LP Position

 Left lateral

165 (82.1%)

76 (90.5%)

x²=3.192

0.074

 Sitting

36 (17.9%)

8 (9.5%)

CSF protein

  Mean ± SD

311 ± 125.8

262.4 ± 63.8

U = 6743.50

0.312

  Median (Min. – Max.)

299 (100 – 755)

250 (159 – 454)

CSF glucose

 Mean ± SD

4 ± 0.9

4 ± 0.7

t = 0.236

0.814

 Median (Min. – Max.)

3.7 (2.6–6.4)

3.9 (3.1 – 5.6)

CSF WBCs

 No

182 (90.5%)

75 (89.3%)

x²=0.106

0.744

Yes

19 (9.5%)

9 (10.7%)

 Mean ± SD

3 ± 2.6

7.6 ± 8.9

U = 77.50

0.699

 Median (Min. – Max.)

2 (1 – 10)

2 (1 – 22)

CSF RBCs

 Mean ± SD

14.2 ± 168.3

1.8 ± 2.1

U = 1588.50^*

 < 0.046^*

 Median (Min. – Max.)

6 (0 – 1236)

1 (0 – 10)

LP location

 L4–L5 intervertebral space level

148 (73.6%)

68 (81%)

x²=1.730

0.188

 L3–L4 intervertebral space level

53 (26.4%)

16 (19%)

CSF

Opening pressure

  Mean ± SD

273.3 ± 153.4

268.9 ± 125.9

U = 8248.50

0.759

  Median (Min. – Max.)

200 (95 – 990)

300 (110 – 550)

Closing pressure

 Mean ± SD

175.4 ± 39.8

173.5 ± 41.7

t = 0.364

0.714

 Median (Min. – Max.)

170 (90 – 300)

170 (110 – 300)

Amount (ml)

 Mean ± SD

8.1 ± 4.1

9.2 ± 4.6

U = 7669.0

0.190

 Median (Min. – Max.)

10 (5 – 35)

10 (5 – 30)

Post LP fluids

 No

175 (87.1%)

76 (90.5%)

x²=0.659

0.418

Yes

26 (12.9%)

8 (9.5%)

Number of LP attempts

 Mean ± SD

1.5 ± 0.8

3 ± 1.4

U = 3106.0^*

 < 0.001^*

 Median (Min. – Max.)

1 (1 – 6)

3 (1 – 6)

Physician

 Registrar

125 (62.1%)

60 (71.4%)

x²=3.047

0.096

 Senior registrar

52 (25.8%)

17 (20.2%)

 Assistant registrar

8 (3.9%)

5 (5.9%)

 Consultant

2 (0.9%)

2 (2.4%)