| Total | TEE examination | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Â | With | Without | P |
N = 211 | N = 115, 55% | N = 96, 45% | ||
Demographics | ||||
 Age, mean ± SD | 69.3 ± 13.2 | 66.6 ± 12.0 | 72.5 ± 13.9 | < 0.001 |
 Male gender, n (%) | 149 (71) | 89 (77) | 60 (63) | 0.018 |
 Hypertension, n (%) | 150 (71) | 83 (72) | 67 (70) | 0.704 |
 Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 86 (41) | 52 (45) | 34 (35) | 0.149 |
 Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 155 (74) | 89 (78) | 66 (69) | 0.157 |
 Smoking, n (%) | 54 (26) | 30 (26) | 24 (25) | 0.857 |
 Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 66 (31) | 30 (26) | 36 (38) | 0.075 |
 Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 6 (3) | 4 (3) | 2 (2) | 0.539 |
 Malignant tumor, n (%) | 13 (6) | 6 (5) | 7 (7) | 0.533 |
 History of cerebral infarction, n (%) | 40 (19) | 20 (17) | 20 (21) | 0.525 |
NIHSS on admission | 5.5 ± 6.5 | 3.9 ± 5.2 | 7.4 ± 7.2 | < 0.001 |
Laboratory findings | ||||
 LDL-C, mg/dl, a | 112.9 ± 40.6 | 114.5 ± 36.3 | 110.8 ± 45.5 | 0.256 |
 HDL-C, mg/dl, a | 52.8 ± 15.9 | 51.5 ± 14.9 | 54.5 ± 16.9 | 0.217 |
 eGFR, ml/min | 69.2 ± 24.9 | 72.0 ± 25.4 | 65.7 ± 24.0 | 0.127 |
 Hemoglobin A1c, %, b | 6.2 ± 1.1 | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 6.1 ± 1.0 | 0.099 |
 BNP, pg/ml, c | 100.9 ± 265.9 | 110.1 ± 341.1 | 93.0 ± 137.6 | 0.046 |
 D-dimer, μg/ml, d | 2.7 ± 11.4 | 1.2 ± 1.3 | 2.9 ± 5.0 | < 0.001 |
MRI findings, n (%) | ||||
 Multiple lesions | 116 (55) | 66 (57) | 50 (52) | 0.44 |
 Lesion size > 30 mm in diameter | 69 (33) | 38 (33) | 31 (32) | 0.908 |
 Cortical infarction | 167 (79) | 93 (81) | 74 (77) | 0.501 |
 Cerebral microbleeds | 43 (20) | 18 (16) | 25 (26) | 0.062 |
 PVH, grade ≥ 2 | 75 (36) | 32 (28) | 43 (45) | 0.01 |
 DSWMH, grade ≥ 2 | 69 (33) | 27 (23) | 42 (44) | 0.002 |