Table 2 Bivariate analyses between participation and characteristics, ADLs performance, mobility, and participation self-efficacy
From: Association between participation self-efficacy and participation in stroke survivors
| Â | Mean (SD)/ Correlation with RNLI-C total score | p-value |
|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | Â | Â |
Age (years) | -0.094 | 0.085 |
Sex | ||
 Male | 57.2 (23.8) | 0.220 |
 Female | 60.3 (21.9) |  |
Educational level | ||
 No formal education / primary | 54.5 (21.1) |  < 0.001 |
 Secondary | 55.4 (24.0) |  |
 Post-secondary or above | 69.8 (20.4) |  |
Marital status | ||
 Married | 61.1 (21.3) |  < 0.001 |
 Divorced / widowed | 49.8 (26.4) |  |
Pre-morbid employment | ||
 Full-time | 58.9 (24.2) | 0.078 |
 Part-time | 50.0 (19.9) |  |
 Retired | 62.7 (18.7) |  |
Pre-morbid financial role in family | ||
 Major | 56.8 (23.0) | 0.009 |
 Shared | 61.7 (23.2) |  |
 No role | 52.2 (21.0) |  |
Clinical characteristics | ||
History of hypertension | ||
 No | 59.5 (24.3) | 0.676 |
 Yes | 58.4 (22.4) |  |
History of diabetes | ||
 No | 60.3 (21.5) | 0.031 |
 Yes | 54.2 (26.0) |  |
History of heart disease | ||
 No | 60.3 (22.4) | 0.006 |
 Yes | 51.2 (24.1) |  |
Assistive aids used | ||
 None | 65.7 (18.7) |  < 0.001 |
 Crutch and / or wheelchair | 42.6 (23.6) |  |
Type of stroke | ||
 Ischaemic stroke | 62.1 (21.8) |  < 0.001 |
 Haemorrhagic / both Ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke | 45.1 (22.3) |  |
Lesion side | ||
 Left | 51.7 (23.1) |  < 0.001 |
 Right | 59.4 (22.5) |  |
 Both | 67.4 (19.7) |  |
Stroke frequency | ||
 One | 53.7 (22.8) |  < 0.001 |
 Two or more | 66.6 (21.1) |  |
Stroke symptom severity | ||
 Mild (NIHSS score: 0–4) | 66.5 (18.7) |  < 0.001 |
 Moderate (NIHSS score: 5–15) | 37.7 (20.4) |  |
ADLs performance, mobility & participation self-efficacy | ||
 MBI-C total score | 0.671 |  < 0.001 |
 RMI-C total score | 0.741 |  < 0.001 |
 PS-SES-C total score | 0.699 |  < 0.001 |