Table 1 Baseline characteristics and vital status at the end of follow-up
From: Survival in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a ten-year follow-up study in northern China
Baseline variable | No. (%); mean [± SD]; Median {range} | End Point Vital Status, Deceased/Alive, No |
|---|---|---|
Age at onset, y | 56.89 [± 9.12]; 57.00 {30.00–79.00} | 63.10 [± 8.20]/55.05 [± 8.57] |
Disease duration, y | 4.01 [± 3.61]; 2.99 {0.32–24.31} | 3.85 [± 3.66]/4.06 [± 3.60] |
LEDD, mg | 358.60 [± 204.24]; 300.00 {0.00–950.00} | 387.50 [± 218.02]/350.00 [± 199.83] |
Smoking history, pack-years | 4.76 [± 13.40]; 0.00 {0.00–96.00} | 6.75 [± 15.14]/4.17 [± 12.83] |
Sex | ||
Female | 116 (53.20) | 26/90 |
Male | 102 (46.80) | 24/78 |
Clinical comorbidity | ||
No | 128 (58.70) | 23/105 |
Yes | 90 (41.30) | 27/63 |
Tremor as initial symptom | ||
No | 89 (40.80) | 20/69 |
Yes | 129 (59.20) | 30/99 |
Symmetry of motor signs | ||
No | 183 (83.90) | 33/150 |
Yes | 35 (16.10) | 17/18 |
H&Y stage | ||
< 3 | 213 (97.70) | 46/167 |
≥ 3 | 5 (2.30) | 4/1 |
Motor-based subtype | ||
TD | 131 (60.10) | 20/111 |
Indeterminate | 19 (8.70) | 5/14 |
PIGD | 68 (31.20) | 25/43 |
Dysphagia | ||
No | 177 (81.20) | 30/147 |
Yes | 41 (18.80) | 20/21 |
Education | ||
Illiteracy | 5 (2.30) | 1/4 |
Primary school | 40 (18.30) | 10/30 |
Middle or high school | 148 (67.90) | 33/115 |
University or higher | 25 (11.50) | 6/19 |
Cognitive impairmenta | ||
None | 147 (67.40) | 22/125 |
Mild | 54 (24.80) | 13/41 |
Severe | 17 (7.80) | 15/2 |
Hallucinations | ||
No | 206 (94.50) | 46/160 |
Yes | 12 (5.50) | 4/8 |
Depression | ||
None | 90 (41.30) | 17/73 |
Mild | 105 (48.20) | 24/81 |
Moderate | 23 (10.60) | 9/14 |
Severe | 0 (.00) | 0/0 |
Constipation | ||
No | 92 (42.20) | 16/76 |
Yes | 126 (57.80) | 34/92 |
Fatigue | ||
No | 103 (47.20) | 14/89 |
Yes | 115 (52.80) | 36/79 |
Sleep quality grade | ||
Very good | 108 (49.50) | 16/92 |
Fairly good | 70 (32.10) | 20/50 |
Fairly bad | 34 (15.60) | 12/22 |
Very bad | 6 (2.80) | 2/4 |
Smoking history | ||
Never | 176 (80.70) | 37/139 |
Former | 27 (12.40) | 10/17 |
Current, at baseline | 15 (6.90) | 3/12 |
Caffeinated coffee | ||
Never | 197 (90.40) | 48/149 |
< median (cups/day)b | 10 (4.60) | 1/9 |
≥ median (cups/day)b | 11 (5.00) | 1/10 |
Caffeinated tea | ||
Never | 166 (76.10) | 43/123 |
< median (cups/day)b | 26 (11.90) | 5/21 |
≥ median (cups/day)b | 26 (11.90) | 2/24 |
Alcohol | ||
Never | 181 (83.00) | 38/143 |
< median (cups/day)b | 18 (8.30) | 7/11 |
≥ median (cups/day)b | 19 (8.70) | 5/14 |
Physical exercise at leisure time | ||
Never | 68 (31.20) | 24/44 |
< median (MET-h/wk) | 34 (15.60) | 7/27 |
≥ median (MET-h/wk) | 116 (53.20) | 19/97 |