Table 1 Summary of prior reported and present cases of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors
First author, publication year [reference] | Narumi Y, 2018 [5] | Shimada T, 2020 [6] | Nasralla S, 2020 [7] | Weiss D, 2021 [8] | Khimani K, 2022 [9] | Present case |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), sex | 75, male | 63, female | 30, female | 81, female | 57, male | 62, male |
Country | Japan | Japan | USA | Germany | USA | Japan |
Primary cancer | Lung squamous cell carcinoma | Lung adenocarcinoma | Hodgkin lymphoma | Clear cell renal cell carcinoma, lung metastasis | Uveal melanoma | Lung adenocarcinoma |
ICI (number of cycles) | Nivolumab (1) | Pembrolizumab (1) | Nivolumab (3) | Nivolumab (10) | Nivolumab (9) Ipilimumab (3) | Pembrolizumab (8) |
Clinical subtype | Myelitis | Myelitis | Myelitis, optic neuritis | Myelitis | Optic neuritis | Diencephalic, myelitis, optic neuritis |
Onset from the onset of ICI | 2 months | 2 weeks | 8 weeks | 11 months | 7 months | 5 months |
Cerebrospinal fluid | Cells 1195/μL, protein 380.9 mg/dL | Cells 9/μL, protein 48 mg/dL | Cells 345/μL, protein 516 mg/dL | Cell 65/μL protein 63 mg/dL | Not done | Cells 7/μL, protein 109 mg/dL |
Anti-AQP4 antibody | + | + | – | + | + | + |
Anti-MOG antibody | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Treatment | Discontinued ICI, steroid pulse therapy, plasmapheresis | Discontinued ICI, IV methylprednisolone, oral prednisone, plasma exchange | Discontinued ICI, IV methylprednisolone, oral prednisone, rituximab | Discontinue ICI, iv methylprednisolone, plasma exchange | Discontinued ICI, IV methylprednisolone, oral prednisone, rituximab | Discontinued ICI, IV dexamethasone |
Outcome | Partial recovery | Partial recovery | Partial recovery | Died | Partial recovery | Partial recovery |