Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics, procedure-related factors, in-stent restenosis and stroke between VBS and CAS
Variable | VBS (N = 93) | CAS (N = 324) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 63.0 ± 11.8 | 67.8 ± 9.3 | < 0.001* |
Male sex | 74 (79.6) | 267 (82.4) | 0.637 |
Vascular risk factor | |||
Hypertension | 68 (73.1) | 229 (70.7) | 0.743 |
Diabetes | 31 (33.3) | 130 (40.1) | 0.287 |
Hyperlipidemia | 45 (48.4) | 157 (48.5) | > 0.999 |
Coronary artery disease | 16 (17.2) | 102 (31.5) | 0.010* |
Stroke history | 36 (38.7) | 105 (32.4) | 0.313 |
Laboratory finding | |||
HbA1c, % | 6.3 ± 0.9 | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 0.843 |
LDL, mg/dL | 89.1 ± 42.8 | 86.0 ± 34.3 | 0.529 |
ARU ≥550 | 23 (26.4) | 60 (19.4) | 0.198 |
PRU ≥275 | 10 (11.6) | 33 (10.5) | 0.927 |
%PI < 20% | 44 (51.2) | 166 (53.0) | 0.852 |
Procedure-related factors | |||
Lesion location | < 0.001* | ||
Intracranial | 54 (58.1) | 28 (8.6) | |
Extracranial | 39 (41.9) | 296 (91.4) | |
Symptomatic stenosis | 85 (91.4) | 246 (75.9) | 0.002* |
Number of stents ≥2 | 1 (1.1) | 9 (2.8) | 0.574 |
Maximum diameter of stents, mm | 4.8 ± 1.8 | 7.1 ± 1.9 | < 0.001* |
Total length of stents, mm | 25.6 ± 9.6 | 34.6 ± 10.2 | < 0.001* |
Pre-ballooning dilatation | 79 (84.9) | 278 (85.8) | 0.968 |
Post-ballooning dilatation | 24 (25.8) | 150 (46.3) | 0.001* |
Maximum balloon pressure, atm | 9.5 ± 3.6 | 10.7 ± 3.1 | 0.002* |
Clinical outcome | |||
In-stent restenosis | 12 (12.9) | 22 (6.8) | 0.092 |
Follow-up period, months | 20.0 [8.0–36.0] | 16.0 [7.0–35.5] | 0.203 |
Any territory infarction | 23 (24.7) | 43 (13.3) | 0.012* |
Follow-up period, months | 31.0 [11.0–36.0] | 24.0 [11.5–36.0] | 0.427 |
Stented-territory infarction | 21 (22.6) | 35 (10.8) | 0.006* |
Follow-up period, months | 33.0 [11.0–36.0] | 24.0 [12.0–36.0] | 0.423 |
Periprocedural (≤1 month) | 6 (6.5) | 24 (7.4) | 0.931 |
Long-term (> 1 month) | 15 (16.1) | 11 (3.4) | < 0.001* |