Table 3 Inter-group and within-group comparison of fatigue severity, sleep quality, and self-efficacy in the intervention and control groups before and after the intervention

Fatigue severity

Intervention

5.43

0.40

2.52

0.40

 < 0.001

7.25

Control

5.44

0.44

5.65

0.52

0.002

0.57

p-value^**

0.981

 < 0.001

Within-group effect size

0.023

6.747

Sleep quality

Intervention

15.42

1.62

11.92

2.01

 < 0.001

2.16

Control

15.45

1.41

15.46

1.40

0.955

0.07

p-value

0.942^**

 < 0.001^***

Within-group effect size

0.019

2.043

Self-efficacy

Intervention

25.59

3.36

49.37

3.25

 < 0.001

7.19

Control

25.50

3.10

24.43

2.52

0.001

0.47

p-value^***

0.872

 < 0.001

Within-group effect size

0.026

8.576