Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the cohort
From: Phenylacetyl glutamine: a novel biomarker for stroke recurrence warning
Variables | First-Onset Stroke Patients (N = 115) | Recurrent Stroke Patients (N = 33) | Non-Stroke Controls (N = 135) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PAGln, ng/mL | 933 (510–1445) | 1014 (490–1590) | 556 (293–1023) | 0.008 |
Age, yrs | 70 (64–80) | 71 (65–76) | 67 (61–73) | 0.008 |
Male, % | 68.70 | 75.76 | 50.37 | 0.002 |
Ischemic, % | 95.65 | 93.94 | 0.00 | / |
Hemorrhagic, % | 0.00 | 3.03 | 0.00 | / |
Aspirin usage, % | 44.35 | 57.58 | 23.70 | < 0.001 |
Diabetes history, % | 28.15 | 39.39 | 27.83 | 0.401 |
Hypertension history, % | 66.96 | 81.82 | 61.48 | 0.084 |
Hyperlipidemia history, % | 4.35 | 15.15 | 11.85 | 0.055 |
Cardiovascular complications, % | 21.74 | 30.30 | 12.59 | 0.030 |
Former smokers, % | 9.57 | 18.18 | 6.67 | 0.120 |
Smokers, % | 23.48 | 21.21 | 14.07 | 0.153 |
Non-smokers, % | 66.96 | 60.61 | 79.26 | 0.028 |
Former drinkers, % | 4.35 | 18.18 | 4.44 | 0.007 |
Drinkers, % | 30.43 | 15.15 | 17.78 | 0.032 |
Non-drinkers, % | 65.22 | 66.67 | 77.78 | 0.074 |
FBG, mM | 5.43 (4.85–7.37) | 5.69 (4.94–6.71) | 5.23 (4.62–6.67) | 0.095 |
DBP, mmHg | 88 (77–96) | 86 (76–94) | 82 (75–90) | 0.011 |
SBP, mmHg | 154 (140–173) | 159 (147–168) | 143 (130–155) | < 0.001 |
Homocysteine, M | 13.55 (10.53–17.60) | 12.90 (10.40–16.30) | 11.00 (9.50–13.10) | 0.31 |
TC, mM | 4.54 (4.00–5.17) | 3.81 (3.24–4.45) | 4.44 (3.70–5.13) | 0.004 |
TG, mM | 1.19 (0.91–1.56) | 0.94 (0.73–1.31) | 1.26 (0.88–1.83) | 0.147 |
HDL-C, mM | 1.15 (0.96–1.30) | 0.94 (0.83–1.20) | 1.15 (0.97–1.39) | 0.011 |
LDL-C, mM | 3.06 (2.57–3.44) | 2.61 (1.95–2.93) | 2.90 (2.34–3.48) | 0.014 |
Lipoprotein A, mM | 148.50 (69.00–257.25) | 124.00 (65.00–227.00) | 141.00 (71.00–216) | 0.616 |
Apolipoprotein A1, g/L | 1.18 (1.05–1.28) | 1.07 (0.93–1.23) | 1.23 (1.08–1.38) | < 0.001 |
Apolipoprotein B, g/L | 0.89 (0.74–0.98) | 0.78 (0.62–0.87) | 0.84 (0.68–1.03) | 0.542 |
LDL-1, mg/dL | 29.00 (19.50–38.00) | 26.00 (18.00–33.00) | 26.00 (17.50–35.00) | 0.411 |
LDL-2, mg/dL | 23.00 (18.00–28.00) | 22.00 (16.00–29.00) | 21.00 (14.00–27.00) | 0.184 |
LDL-3, mg/dL | 10.00 (4.00–17.00) | 7.00 (4.00–14.00) | 9.00 (4.00–16.00) | 0.569 |
LDL-4, mg/dL | 3.00 (0.00–7.00) | 2.00 (0.00–4.00) | 2.00 (0.00–7.50) | 0.376 |
LDL-5, mg/dL | 0.00 (0.00–1.00) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.00 (0.00–1.00) | 0.41 |
LDL-6, mg/dL | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.879 |
LDL-7, mg/dL | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.969 |