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Table 1 Background characteristics

From: Clinical characteristics, medication use, and impact of primary headache on daily activities: an observational study using linked online survey and medical claims data in Japan

 

Migraine

Tension-type headache

Cluster headache

Other headache types

(n = 691)

(n = 1,441)

(n = 21)

(n = 5,208)

Variables

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

Sex

 Male

272

39.4

830

57.6

14

66.7

3,198

61.4

 Female

419

60.6

611

42.4

7

33.3

2,010

38.6

  Menstruation, yesa

325

77.6

454

74.3

6

85.7

1,439

71.6

Age, years

 19–29

60

8.7

115

8.0

2

9.5

284

5.5

 30–39

184

26.6

268

18.6

4

19.0

902

17.3

 40–49

262

37.9

527

36.6

7

33.3

1,812

34.8

 50–59

175

25.3

448

31.1

5

23.8

1,860

35.7

 60–74

10

1.4

83

5.8

3

14.3

350

6.7

Member status

 Insured member

582

84.2

1296

89.9

21

100.0

4,714

90.5

 Family member

109

15.8

145

10.1

0

0.0

494

9.5

Job category

 Administrative position

231

33.4

400

27.8

9

42.9

1,322

25.4

 Professional and technical position

186

26.9

435

30.2

4

19.0

1,381

26.5

 Housewife (or husband)

58

8.4

72

5.0

0

0.0

238

4.6

 Managers

47

6.8

157

10.9

2

9.5

722

13.9

 Other

169

24.5

377

26.2

6

28.6

1,545

29.7

Annual household incomeb (including tax)

 < 1,000,000 JPY (8,644 USD)

11

1.6

16

1.1

0

0.0

55

1.1

 ≥ 1,000,000 to < 5,000,000 JPY (8,644 to 43,220 USD)

136

19.7

342

23.7

3

14.3

1,118

21.5

 ≥ 5,000,000 to < 10,000,000 JPY (43,220 to 86,440 USD)

360

52.1

704

48.9

16

76.2

2,576

49.5

 ≥ 10,000,000 JPY (86,440 USD)

119

17.2

269

18.7

1

4.8

1,039

20.0

 Don't know

54

7.8

93

6.5

1

4.8

327

6.3

 No response

11

1.6

17

1.2

0

0.0

93

1.8

Number of days with a headache in the past 30 days

 Mean (SD)

4.6

(5.0)

4.0

(5.0)

12.5

(10.6)

3.3

(4.5)

 Median (min, max)

3

(0, 30)

2

(0, 30)

10

(1, 30)

2

(0, 30)

Number of days with a headache in the past 3 months

 Mean (SD)

11.1

(12.3)

9.4

(12.7)

30.3

(30.3)

8.0

(12.0)

 Median (min, max)

7

(1, 90)

5

(1, 90)

16

(1, 92)

5

(1, 92)

Receipt code for headache or migraine in the past 6 monthsc

 Yes

61

8.8

38

2.6

5

23.8

144

2.8

 Migraine

57

8.2

30

2.1

5

23.8

116

2.2

 Tension-type headache

10

1.4

10

0.7

2

9.5

39

0.7

 Cluster headache

-

-

-

-

1

4.8

2

0.0

 Headache attributed to a vascular disorder or not classified as other

-

-

1

0.1

-

-

-

-

 Headache attributed to a substance or not classified as other

-

-

1

0.1

-

-

-

-

 Other

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

0.0

Comorbidity in the past 6 monthsc

 Hypertension

51

7.4

171

11.9

3

14.3

633

12.2

 Cardiovascular disorders

23

3.3

71

4.9

3

14.3

287

5.5

 Cerebrovascular disorders

6

0.9

34

2.4

3

14.3

99

1.9

 Gastrointestinal disorders

386

55.9

852

59.1

13

61.9

3,024

58.1

  Constipationd

50

13.0

81

9.5

3

23.1

299

9.9

 Psychiatric and psychosomatic disorders

104

15.1

175

12.1

4

19.0

580

11.1

  Depressiond

48

46.2

92

52.6

1

25.0

287

49.5

 Epilepsy

6

0.9

14

1.0

1

4.8

39

0.7

 Asthma

51

7.4

84

5.8

0

0.0

274

5.3

 Allergy

123

17.8

243

16.9

5

23.8

836

16.1

 Autoimmune disorders

38

5.5

78

5.4

1

4.8

224

4.3

  1. Abbreviations: JPY Japanese yen, USD United States dollar, SD Standard deviation, min Minimum, max Maximum
  2. a Denominator was the total number of females
  3. b USD was estimated based on the exchange rate of 1 JPY = 0.008644 USD on 28 January 2022
  4. c Data were derived from the medical claims database. The item “Receipt codes for headache or migraine” was available in the database for individuals who consulted physician and were diagnosed as certain types of headaches
  5. d Denominator for constipation and depression were the total number of individuals with digestive disease and psychiatric and psychosomatic disorders, respectively
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BMC Neurology

ISSN: 1471-2377

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