Table 2 Rates of correct responses to questions about autoimmune encephalitis knowledge
Area of knowledge | Question (correct answer) * | Type(s) of AE | Rate of correct responses, %* | Average rate for area of knowledge (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diagnosis | If a patient is negative for AE-related antibodies, a diagnosis of AE can be ruled out. (F) | All types of AE | 91.9 | 74.2 | 73.5 | |
Patients with AE usually have an elevated number of nucleated cells in cerebrospinal fluid. (F) | 72.5 | |||||
Many patients with AE show obvious brain abnormalities by magnetic resonance imaging. (F) | 58.3 | |||||
The main clinical manifestations of anti-NMDAR encephalitis are psychiatric symptoms, seizures, dyskinesia, and disturbed consciousness. (T) | Anti-NMDAR encephalitis | 95.9 | 88.1 | |||
Some patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis show abnormal delta brushes in electroencephalography. (T) | 80.3 | |||||
The most frequent tumor among patients with anti-GABABR encephalitis is teratoma. (F) | Rare types of AE | 37.1 | 57.9 | |||
The main clinical manifestations of anti-IgLON5 encephalitis are parasomnia, sleep disorder, cognitive impairment, and gait abnormality. (T) | 74.8 | |||||
Brain magnetic resonance imaging of some patients with anti-GFAP encephalitis shows linear perivascular enhancement that extends radially from the ventricles. (T) | 61.8 | |||||
Treatment | Immunotherapy is the core treatment for patients with AE. (T) | All types of AE | 87.8 | 76.7 | ||
Active tumor removal is recommended for patients with both anti-NMDAR encephalitis and teratoma who develop disturbed consciousness. (T) | Anti-NMDAR encephalitis | 65.5 | ||||
Prognosis | AE usually shows a single course and does not recur. (F) | All types of AE | 64.0 | 61.5 | ||
Most patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis have good long-term functional outcomes. (T) | Anti-NMDAR encephalitis | 75.3 | ||||
More than 80% of patients with GABABR encephalitis have good long-term prognosis and extremely low risk of mortality. (F) | Rare types of AE | 31.3 | 45.2 | |||
Patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis are more likely to show cognitive dysfunction than patients with other types of AE. (T) | 59.1 | |||||