Fig. 1
Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related gene expression patterns in patients with grade II to IV glioma. (A) A hierarchically clustered heatmap showing the expression patterns of the 30 genes related to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in patients with grade II to IV glioma. Gene expression levels were log2 transformed, and color density indicating the levels of log2 fold changes is presented. Red and blue represent up- and downregulated expression, respectively, in grade II to IV glioma; (B) Bar plots indicating average gene expression levels related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in GBM tissue; (C) Boxplots showing the differences in DKK3, CSNK1A1, FSTL1, and CTNNB1 expression levels according to the WHO grade of glioma; (D) Pearson correlation coefficients and significance levels were calculated between Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related genes in WHO grade II and III glioma; (E) Pearson correlation coefficients and significance levels were calculated between the Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related genes in WHO grade IV GBM. The color-coordinated legend indicates the value and sign of Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The number in the box indicates Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The x in the box indicates a p-value ≥ 0.001
CSNK1A1, casein kinase 1 alpha 1; CTNNB1, catenin beta 1; DKK3, dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 3; FSTL1, follistatin-like 1; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme