Table 2 Comparisons of serum C5a, pro-inflammatory factors, and MMSE scores between AD patients of different severity and healthy subjects

C5a (pg/mL)

64.28 ± 9.18

68.29 ± 9.14

70.56 ± 9.45

78.97 ± 9.26

0.122

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

0.007

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

TNF-α (pg/mL)

182.35 ± 13.41

187.36 ± 16.48

192.52 ± 17.44

202.75 ± 19.86

0.055

< 0.0001

0.0006

0.038

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

IL-1β (pg/mL)

24.37 ± 4.91

32.47 ± 5.82

34.29 ± 6.68

39.62 ± 7.14

0.067

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

IL-6 (pg/mL)

61.37 ± 9.72

89.58 ± 12.41

93.34 ± 15.67

103.75 ± 16.21

0.093

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

CRP (pg/mL)

1.84 ± 0.37

3.98 ± 0.41

4.11 ± 0.54

4.62 ± 0.63

0.088

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

MMSE scores (points)

29.32 ± 3.84

14.75 ± 0.58

14.42 ± 0.77

11.09 ± 1.02

0.026

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001